Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro system for the induction, maturation and regeneration of somatic embryo in sugarcane from buds of cultivar RB 867515. Embryogenic calluses were obtained on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 4.42 mg L-1 2,4-D. After four weeks of culture of explants on the callus induction medium, globular structures were obtained. At the end of 20 days in maturation medium, somatic embryos were observed. Histological analysis showed somatic embryos with caulinar and root apex, protodermal tissue, and the vascular system, which apparently has no connection with the vascular tissue explant that gave rise to it confirming the presence of the somatic embryo. The embryos were transferred to regeneration medium containing 1 mg L-1 GA3 and BAP, and after 1 to 2 weeks of culture, green points were observed, indicating the beginning of the formation of shoots. Key words: Saccharum spp, bud culture, 2.4-D, morphogenetic pathway, embryogenesis, plant regeneration.
Highlights
Brazil is the largest sugarcane and ethanol producer in the world
Explants were inoculated in the longitudinal direction, in induction medium supplemented with 4.42 mg L-1 of 2.4-D (Figure 1B)
The calli were maintained in the induction medium for 30 days and the samples were collected at the end of this period for histological analysis
Summary
Brazil is the largest sugarcane and ethanol producer in the world. The country contributes more than 50% of the trades in the international market. The cultivar RB867515 has been the most commonly planted cultivar in Brazil in the last two years. It has been planted in places where the soil has low fertility, a sandy texture and a low quantity of water (RIDESA, 2011). It reached 22.1% of the area cultivated with sugarcane in 2011 (Barbosa et al, 2012). The conventional breeding of sugarcane is a long process and can take up to 12 years for a new variety to become commercialised. Callus formation and plant regeneration vary with type of the explant, sugarcane genotype, culture conditions and others factors (Gandonou et al, 2005; Snyman et al, 2006), so it is important to characterize the plant regeneration process in important genotypes such as RB867515
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