Abstract
The study area comprises Injana Formation (Late Miocene), exposed on the hills nearby of Tharthar Lake and about 120 km north of Baghdad city. This study depends on sedimentologic and facies analysis to recognize paleoenvironment and recognize the kinds of vertebrate bone fossils during Late Miocene. Sedimentologic and facies analysis showed many sedimentary facies: facies (Se) of scoured erosional surface, facies of (Sp) cross- bedded sandstones, facies (Fs) of fine sandstone facies, facies of (Fc) claystone, and facies of (C) calcareous clay. Facies analysis referred to the sub environments which are: point bar, over bank and floodplain in addition to fining upward cycles of deposition, which refers to meandering fluvial depositional environment.
Highlights
Injana Formation (Late Miocene) comprises claystone, siltstone, mudstone and sandstone rock units (Bellen et al, 1959)
This study aims to determine the paleoenvironment, according to sedimentological facies model, and to recognize vertebrate bone fossils in L
Five facies were recognized, following Miall (1977, 1978, 1988) from Injana Formation (Tab. 1, Diag. 1) as follow: 1- Facies (Se), Scoured erosional surface: this surface resulted from erosion on old sediments occurred on channel floor and coincided with high flow regime and discharge during flood and rainy season
Summary
Injana Formation (Late Miocene) comprises claystone, siltstone, mudstone and sandstone rock units (Bellen et al, 1959). Many authors studied its paleocurrent (Kukal and Saadallah, 1970), stratigraphy and sedimentology (Al-Naqib, 1959; Basi, 1973; Al-Mubarak and Youkhana, 1976; Al-Sammarai, 1978; Jassim et al, 1984; Al-Rawi et al, 1993; Al-Zubaidi, 2004). Many sites were studied in countries of the region, such as: two species of proboscidean fossils of Late Miocene in the Axion Valley, Macedonia-Greece (Konidaris and Koufus, 2013); mammalian site in Akkasdagi in Turkey, L. Miocene (Valli, 2005.); Proboscidea in addition to many vertebrate fossils in Maragheh Formation, northwest Iran (Berner et al, 1996, 2001). Some vertebrate fossil sites were discovered in Iraq (Piveteau, 1935; Al-Naqib, 1959; Bellen, et al, 1959; Al-Zubaidi and Jan, 2015).
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