Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties of the stem bark of Khaya grandifoliola (Welw) CDC (Meliaceae). A preliminary phytochemical screening conducted showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols in the stem bark (KG) as well as its ethanol extract (KGE). The antibacterial activity of KGE was evaluated using agar well diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In-vitro antioxidant activity of KGE was also evaluated using the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity assays. In the wound healing activity test, topical formulations of varying concentrations of KGE (1-15% w/w) with Emulsifying Ointment BP were used in an excision wound model involving Wistar albino rats. KGE demonstrated in-vitro antibacterial activity against all test microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner. It also showed good antioxidant effects, with a strong correlation between the antioxidant capacity and phenol content (r = 0.9898); indicating that the observed effects may be due to the phenolic compounds initially detected. KGE showed significant wound healing effects as compared to the untreated group (p 0.05). In effect, the smallest dose was as effective as the highest dose. These outcomes showed that KG was effective as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent, and a wound healing promoter, justifying its reported traditional uses for infections and wound management. Key words: Wound healing activity, antibacterial agent, antioxidant effects, tannic acid, medicinal plant, African mahogany.
Highlights
A wound is defined as the loss or breaking of cellular and anatomical or functional continuity of the skin, mucous membrane or tissue surface (Agyare et al, 2013; Kokane et al, 2009) which can be caused by physical, chemical and microbiological sources, and/or immunological mechanisms (Raina et al, 2008)
This was further confirmed from their Area under Curve calculations (AUCs), which were comparable for all the test organisms (F(3,4) = 0.1858; p = 0.9009; Figure 1b)
The DPPH scavenging test assessed the ability of KGE to terminate free radical initiated reactions, which occur during oxidative stress conditions
Summary
A wound is defined as the loss or breaking of cellular and anatomical or functional continuity of the skin, mucous membrane or tissue surface (Agyare et al, 2013; Kokane et al, 2009) which can be caused by physical, chemical and microbiological sources, and/or immunological mechanisms (Raina et al, 2008). During the natural wound healing process, colonization may occur from pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms originating mostly from mucosal surfaces like those of the oral cavity and gut (Bowler et al, 2001) Infections from these organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. Medicinal plants have attracted attention, especially because of their easy access and additional beneficial effects to the whole wound management process (Raina et al, 2008) Many of these medicinal plants have been reported to possess wound healing as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, deemed essential in wound healing (Agyare et al, 2016; Firdous and Sautya, 2018; Shedoeva et al, 2019). The current study was premised on the afore-mentioned medicinal benefits of the plant, and it was proposed that K. grandifoliola (KG) may possess wound healing effects in addition to antioxidant and antibacterial effects
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