Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evalute the protective role effect of lycopene and vitamin E on oxidative stress in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to diazinon (DZN). Adult fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.76 and 2.3 mg/l) of DZN against the ameliorative effect of lycopene (10 mg/kg) and vitamin E (50 mg/kg) for 14 and 28 days. DZN significantly led to a decline in total antioxidant capacity (TAO). However, lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA fragmentation percentage, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased in gills, liver and kidney from the control values. Also, gills showed the highest accumulated DZN residues. Lycopene (LYC) and Vitamin E (VE) supplementation play an appositive role in detoxification of DZN toxicity. The results suggest that DZN can have effect on the antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers of fish negatively. Administration of lycopene and vitamin E could not decrease DZN residues in different tissues, but decreases the toxic effect of diazinon, as well as the decrease of LPO and DNA fragmentation near the control values. Also, TAO, CAT and SOD were better than the groups treated with only DZN. Key words: Fish, residues carotenoide, insecticides, antioxidant, oxidative stress.
Highlights
The aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are continuously contaminated with chemical pollutants from industrial, agricultural and domestic activities
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in the liver, kidney and gills of the groups exposed to DZN
Similar behavioral responses determined in this study have been observed with the guppy exposed to pyrethroids (Viran et al, 2003), freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to cypermethrin (Saha and Kaviraj, 2003) and young mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to deltamethrin (Calta and Ural, 2004)
Summary
The aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are continuously contaminated with chemical pollutants from industrial, agricultural and domestic activities. Insticides are a major category of toxicants, which have serious toxic impacts on aquatic life and still constitute a significant risk due to their toxicity on non-target organisms including fishes (Ghazala et al, 2014; Soloneski and Larramendy, 2012). Diazinon (DNZ), [O,O-diethyl O-[6-m ethyl-2-(1methylethyl)- 4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothioate], an organophosphate insecticides is widely used in agriculture and public health (US, 2006). Its impact on the specific antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers is less explored. It is known that many xenobiotics like insecticides may cause oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alterations in ROS scavenging enzymes (Ibrahim and Harabawy, 2014, Milatovic et al, 2006). Fish have antioxidant defense mechanisms, such as antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione pero-
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