Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a unique disorder of newborns associated intimately with Down’s syndrome, presenting with clinical and morphological features indistinguishable from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We report a case in a neonate, presenting with severe perinatal asphyxia and cyanosis; complicated by metabolic acidosis. The hemogram revealed leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral smear showed marked left shift and 55% circulating myeloblasts. Additional findings included a hepatomegaly and mild dysmorphic features. The child eventually succumbed to pulmonary hemorrhage on day one itself. TAM has to be differentiated from congenital leukemia which portends a poor prognosis.
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