Abstract
Dosage rates of 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5% of the leaves powder of Calpurnia aurea and Milletia ferruginea, and red and white inert dusts that were admixed with the 100 g of three resistance maize varieties were tested as protectant against maize weevils under laboratory condition. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher parental adult weevil’s mortality were recorded in all treatments of integration than untreated check at almost all days (except first day) after treatment. Mortality effects of the tested integrated components were also increased both with increased dosage and days after treatment. The mortality also became 100% in all treatments of integration applied at all rates, following 12 days of treatment application likewise the positive control. All treatments of integration applied at all rates also induced significantly (P < 0.05) higher (≥ 60.31%) protection of maize grains against F1 progeny emergence, grain damage (≤ 6.67) and weight loss (≤ 1.12) by S. zeamais than negative control. Besides, 100% inhibition of F1 progeny emergence, no percent grain damage and weight loss of maize grains were also observed in all of the three treatments of integration applied at dosage of 10% likewise also for that of the positive control. Therefore, integration of the aforementioned botanicals and inert dusts with resistant varieties applied at 2.5% and above (5 and 10%) rates were potent in preventing maize grains against maize weevils attack and could be used in the management of maize weevils as ecologically sound, safe and cheap weevil’s management alternatives under farmer’s storage conditions. Key words: Calpurnia aurea, Milletia ferruginea, red inert dust, white inert dust, Sitophilus zeamais,, resistant varieties.
Highlights
The current study was initiated with the following objectives: to study the effect of integration of Calpurnia aurea and Milletia ferruginea, and red and white locally available inert dusts with three resistant varieties of maize (Melkasa-6Q, MH-138Q and SPRH) at selected doses against S. zeamais under laboratory condition
The current study has showed significantly mortality of weevils following 7 days and 100% mortality following 12 days as a result of different treatments of integration
This suggests that integrating inhibition of F1 progeny emergence, higher reduction in grain damage and weight loss due to different treatments of integration, and the effectiveness of integration enhance their potency in managing weevils
Summary
In developing countries like Ethiopia, lack of appropriate grain storage technologies leads to up to 20-30% postharvest losses, due to postharvest insect pests such as maize weevils (Tefera and Abass, 2012). Postharvest losses reduction of food grains like maize due to storage insect pests is very crucial to ensure food security and to feed the ever-increasing population of the SSA countries (Dejene, 2004). Less attention and resources have been allocated for this purpose over the past decades These and other factors mentioned above, along with the current concerns of synthetic insecticides and the desire for residue-free grains by consumers, indicate the presence of great demand for searching and developing alternative management options such as an Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The current study was initiated with the following objectives: to study the effect of integration of Calpurnia aurea and Milletia ferruginea, and red and white locally available inert dusts with three resistant varieties of maize (Melkasa-6Q, MH-138Q and SPRH) at selected doses against S. zeamais under laboratory condition
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