Abstract
Common bean is very important in the daily diet of Ecuadorians. Web blight (Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) is the major constraint faced by common bean farmers in Ecuador and everywhere in the world, causing high losses of yield grain every year. A constant selection of genotypes with excellent productive and resilience to disease features in each region is presented as a potential solution to these problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the phenology, web blight resilience and grain yield production of 17 common bean genotypes in field conditions, in the Guayas River Basin, Ecuador. Three commercial varieties (two belonging to determined feature and one to undetermined feature) and 14 more promising genotypes were evaluated. Day period for phenological stage R6 (full bloom) and R9 (flowering maturity), web blight resilience, number of harvested pods, number of grains per pod per plant, 1000-seed weight, grain yield and later yield per hectare were measured. Scott Knott test (p ≤ 0.05) was executed for mean comparisons and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical test was performed using the productive and agronomical variables, successfully distinguishing two group of genotypes according to their types of growth (determined and undetermined), highlighting the genotypes EVG-6-103, EVG-6, CAL-96, INIAP-473, AFR-619, INIAP-474, AFR-298, SER-29, SER-35, EVG-16-08 which showed the higher agronomic, sanitary, and productively averages in approximately all the studied variables. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn), yield.
Highlights
Factors such as increase of crop yield, lessening production costs, preserving the health of farmers by avoiding the use of chemicals on fields for pest and diseases control have been considered by the agronomists nowadays as parts of the programs for plant protection and breeding (Muñoz-Rengifo et al, 2014; Villamar-Torres et al, 2016; Martinez et al, 2017)
The seeds were planted manually using a handspike, placing two seeds per hole and after 12 days proceeded with the thinning
The genotype EVG-6 after 29 days reached the phenological stage R6 in less time as early plant, the genotypes EVG-6-103, AFR-619 and INIAP-473 obtained averages numerically close to 31, 33 and 31 days respectively, while the tardy lines were SER-03, SER-35, SEQ-1039 and EVG-16-08 completing 43 days correspondingly for each one
Summary
Factors such as increase of crop yield, lessening production costs, preserving the health of farmers by avoiding the use of chemicals on fields for pest and diseases control have been considered by the agronomists nowadays as parts of the programs for plant protection and breeding (Muñoz-Rengifo et al, 2014; Villamar-Torres et al, 2016; Martinez et al, 2017). Common bean plants are known to fix the atmospheric nitrogen and improve the soil fertility, contributing to the output of other crops (Rondon et al, 2007). An overview of five years' data from 2011 to 2015 on the production of common bean in Ecuador indicated that 311,147 ha in all parts of the Ecuadorian territory were harvested approximately, from which 174,964 ha were of dry bean and 136,183 ha of fresh bean, representing 56.23 and 43.77% of national production, respectively. The average nationwide harvested area in 2012 was 63,487 ha, corresponding to 52.7% of dry bean and 47.3% to fresh bean, with a yield of 0.28 t ha-1 for dry bean and 0.53 t ha for fresh bean respectively. A higher yield percentage (15 and 10%, respectively) in 2012 has been noted
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