Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and physicochemical characteristics, classification, genesis and suitability of soils developed on pediplain around granitic hills in Minawao in the Far North region of Cameroon. The studied soil profile had 450 cm thick. It is composed of two subsections formed by erosion and cumulization. The upper subsection classified as typic ustifluvents clayey isohyperthermic is characterized by the high content of coarse elements showing stratifications in some part of the horizons. It recovers the below subsection classified as thapto typic haplustalfs clayey isohyperthermic. They are clayey, with clay contents ranging from 45 to 49%, and slightly acidic. Total nitrogen and organic carbon contents are very low ranging respectively from 0.05 to 0.11 and 0.25 to 0.63. Available phosphorous contents are below critical level. Calcium and Magnesium dominate the exchange complex of these soils. Their values range respectively from 12.96 to 15.04 cmol (+)/kg and 3.52 to 6.56 cmol (+)/kg. The CEC values are high, ranging from 44.64 to 57.84 cmol(+)/kg of soil. The CEC clay range from 89.92 to 117.02 cmol(+)/kg of clay. Base saturation percentage values are low, ranging from 37.05 to 42%, corresponding to a mean value of 39.74%. The studied soils are globally subjected to problems of low organic matter content, high coarse material content and low pH for the cultivation of Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Groundnut, Maize and Cowpea. These problems could be solved through introduction of DMC systems, addition of available organic substrates, restoration of the cation balance and liming. Key words: Soils, properties, genesis, suitability, North Cameroon.
Highlights
IntroductionIt is well documented that soils of arid and semiarid zones are very susceptible to water erosion (Cornelis, 2006) mostly due to a scanty vegetation cover, low organic matter content and the little resistance to the erosion forces (Nearing et al, 2005; squ z- ndez et al, 2011)
The studied soils are globally subjected to problems of low organic matter content, high coarse material content and low pH for the cultivation of Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Groundnut, Maize and Cowpea
These problems could be solved through introduction of direct-seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems, addition of available organic substrates, restoration of the cation balance and liming
Summary
It is well documented that soils of arid and semiarid zones are very susceptible to water erosion (Cornelis, 2006) mostly due to a scanty vegetation cover, low organic matter content and the little resistance to the erosion forces (Nearing et al, 2005; squ z- ndez et al, 2011). In the Far North region of Cameroon, high population pressure, poor soil management practices, tree cutting for firewood, and overgrazing, combined with climate change factors and recurrent and more extended droughts, are resulting in desertification (Tsozué et al, 2015; Markham and Fonjong, 2015). Their presence and activities greatly affect the behaviour of few habitants of this area and might create food insecurity in the near future
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