Abstract
The Scheduled Tribes communities in India as well as in Orissa are characterized by economic and social marginalization, primitive existence, geographical isolation and educational backwardness. Tribal population is the aboriginal inhabitants of India who have been living a life based on the natural environment and have cultural patterns congenial to their physical and social environment. They have been neglected in different sectors of the society and to protect that they started resistance movement over the years. The major tribes of Orissa, in terms of their numerical strength, are the Kondh, Gond, Santhal, Saora, Bhuiyan, Paraja, Koya, Oraon, Gadaba, Juanga and Munda. There are also several smaller tribal communities living in the state. They are the Chenchus, Mankiridia Kharia, Baiga, Birhor and Ghara. Tribal communities such as the Santhal, Gond, Munda, Ho, Birhor, Koya, Lodha, Kondha, Bhumija, Kharia and Oraons cut across state boundaries and are found in the neighbouring states of Jharkhand. As a matter of fact, acute poverty, malnutrition and starvation death have come to be associated with the life of many of the tribes living in different parts of the country. Though each of the tribal groups are culturally different and have their own identities, the problems faced by them are more or less same. It makes us believe that probably at the level of understanding the tribal culture, their social structure and also at the level of making intervention while implementing the development programmes for the tribals, some gaps have so remained that they have rather frustrated our objectives and approach to a large extent. Key words: Tribal population, Adivasi, untouchability, discrimination, tribal rights.
Highlights
The Adivasis have been tormented and subjected to all sorts of discrimination by the same people whom they have welcomed openly into their sacred places
Little is known about the relationship between the Adivasis and non-Adivasi communities during the Hindu and Muslim rules
The so-called mainstream society of India has evolved as an agglomeration of thousands of smallscale social groups whose identities within the larger society are preserved by not allowing them to marry outside their social groups
Summary
The Adivasis have been tormented and subjected to all sorts of discrimination by the same people whom they have welcomed openly into their sacred places. Nobody cares what may happen if any accident happens, no trade union of whatever affliction; they do not bother as majority have been dominated by the Oriyas This trade union opposes any sort of tribal recruitment in the executive /non executive posts. Permanent employees face discrimination during promotion, with the majority of Oriyas getting preferences Tribals are discriminated in the times of job recruitments; there are many cases that the Oriyas have torn off the list of employments where the tribals get recruitment. They fiercely oppose the tribals who are getting /or about to join their jobs. It demonstrates critical examination of the problems and prospects of tribal populations
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