Abstract
Soil and water losses were evaluated in dystrophic ultisol of the Cerrado-Pantanal Ecotone cropped with common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L, under different tillage systems. The treatments studied were conventional tillage with primary and double secondary disking (CT), minimum tillage with chisel plow (MT) and no-tillage (NT) systems, the last associated to 4 crop densities: 0, 3, 6 and 9 Mg ha-1. In order to characterize the experimental area, analyzes of water-dispersible clay, flocculation degree, aggregate stability, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil moisture and surface roughness was carried out. Using the portable rainfall simulator, the plots received application of rainfall of 60 mm h-1 to evaluate soil and water loss. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The soil losses ranging from 11.38 to 380.56 × 10-3 kg m-2, while water losses ranging from 4.15 to 31.57 × 10-3 m3 m-2. The highest soil losses occur in CT and the lowest water losses in MT. In NT, the highest level of crop residue deposition on soil surface reduces soil and water loss. Compared to water loss, soil loss is more susceptible to variations in the type of tillage system and levels of plant residues. Key words: Water erosion, soil conservation, simulated rainfall.
Highlights
The agriculture and livestock activities in Brazil are still based basically on systems of non-conservative soil management practices
The bigger production of the Brazilian agricultural commodities likes grains, fiber and energy source. Sometimes it is planted under conventional soil tillage, increasing soil degradation by water erosion.Areas with higher rainfall and intense land use are more susceptive for water and soil losses (Valipour, 2014)
The present study evaluated soil and water losses under simulated rainfall in dystrophic ultisol subjected to different soil tillage systems in a bean crop
Summary
The agriculture and livestock activities in Brazil are still based basically on systems of non-conservative soil management practices. The increase in extensive beef cattle husbandry has been linked to deforestation of native areas for the purpose of establishing new pasture areas, which do not receive adequate soil management. The bigger production of the Brazilian agricultural commodities likes grains, fiber and energy source. Sometimes it is planted under conventional soil tillage, increasing soil degradation by water erosion.Areas with higher rainfall and intense land use are more susceptive for water and soil losses (Valipour, 2014). This compaction reduces the water infiltration into the soil and promotes runoff which increases the loss of soil, water and nutrients
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