Abstract
The relative acute toxicity of refined petroleum (diesel, kerosene and petrol), unused and spent engine oils as well as their abilities to alter the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cause lipid peroxidation in tadpoles of the common African toad, Amietophrynus regularis were evaluated. After 48 h of exposures, kerosene was found to be the most toxic (LC50= 4930 mg/L) while the least toxic was unused engine oil (LC50 = 7777 mg/L). However, by 96 h of exposure, spent engine oil was found to be the most toxic (LC50 = 2915 mg/L) while unused engine oil remained the least toxic (LC50= 7353 mg/L). Further, assessment of oxidative stress markers was conducted using sub lethal concentrations of the test compounds (1/100th 96 h LC50). There was significant inhibition of SOD in exposed tadpoles compared to the control (P<0.05) with the least activity recorded in tadpoles exposed to petrol, while unused engine oil recorded the highest. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay, determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated significantly higher levels in the exposed individuals compared to the control. Unused engine oil caused the highest level of MDA production while diesel induced the least level. Tadpoles exposed to diesel, kerosene, petrol and spent engine oil exhibited consistent responses among the three test parameters, however inconsistent responses were observed in tadpoles exposed to unused engine oils. The relevance of the comparisons in biomarker selection and ecotoxicology were discussed. Key words: Petroleum products, toxicity indices, tadpoles, oxidative stress.
Highlights
Com mparattive ac cute toxicity and ox xidativ ve stres ss respo onses in tadpoles of Am mietoph hrynus s regula aris expos sed to refined d petro oleum produ ucts, unused d and spent s e oils engine
This study investigates the acute toxicity and level of oxidative damage in tadpoles of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis (Reuss, 1833) following exposures to acute and sub-lethal concentrations of petroleum products and engine oils to explain the possible mechanism of toxic action as a continuation of the discourse on potential biomarkers for environmental pollution monitoring
This study shows that petroleum products, unused and spent engine oil are acutely toxic to the tadpoles of the common African toad (Amietophrynus regularis)
Summary
Com mparattive ac cute toxicity and ox xidativ ve stres ss respo onses in tadpoles of Am mietoph hrynus s regula aris expos sed to refined d petro oleum produ ucts, unused d and spent s e oils engine. Nnam mdi Henry*,, Onadeko, Abiodun and Nwos su, Chinwe endu Comfo ort Ecotox xicology Labo oratory, Depa artment of Zoo ology, Universsity of Lagos. The relative e acute toxic city of refine ed petroleum m (diesel, kerrosene and p petrol), unus sed and spen nt engine oils as welll as their abilities a to alter a the activities of su uperoxide diismutase (SOD) and ca ause lipid peroxidatio on in tadpoles of the com mmon African n toad, Amie etophrynus re egularis werre evaluated. Ass sessment off oxidative sttress markerrs was cond ducted using g sub lethal c concentratio ons of the test compo ounds
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