Abstract
A micro-propagation system was developed for mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) using leaf sections and mature seeds. This study investigated the effect of various modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP) alone or in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on multiple shoot induction from leaf and half seed explants. Among the treatments, leaf explants on medium supplemented with 2.0 mgLÖ¾¹ (w/v) of BAP gave the highest percentage of shoot formation (70.07%), highest number of shoots formed per explant (46.5%) and showed high mean shoot height (0.48 cm). It was observed that medium with 0.5 mgLÖ¾¹ NAA, did not induce shoot organogenesis, but induced callus in 90% of the leaf explants. Seed explantsgave the highest percentage of shoot formation (60.2%) and mean number of shoots per explant (9.5) on medium supplemented with 20 mgLÖ¾¹ (w/v) BAP and 10 mgLÖ¾¹ (w/v) NAA. However, highest mean shoot height (0.69 cm) was observed on medium supplemented with 10 mgLÖ¾¹ (w/v) BAP and 10 mgLÖ¾¹ (w/v) NAA. Callus induction from seeds was also observed in most of the treatments. Medium-supplemented 20 mgLÖ¾¹ (w/v) NAA gave the highest percentage of callus formation (83.36%). Subsequently, roots were induced from the shoots by pretreating these shoots in various indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA concentrations in various MS salt strengths. Root formation was obtained on one-quarter strength MS salt medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (90.4%). Plantlets were acclimatized on media composed of soil + sand+ organic matter+ vermiculite (2: 2: 1: 1) with 80% survival. Key words: Garcinia Mangostana L., 6-benzylaminopurine, α-naphthalene acetic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid.
Highlights
Mangosteen is usually propagated by apomictic seeds; but propagation by seeds is insufficient due to its seasonal fruiting and low yield of seeds
The effect of various media on shoot induction and callus formation from leaf explants The production of shoots from leaf explants on all media tested was slow until the fourth week
The number of shoots began to increase for treatments either under BAP or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone, but the number of shoots on media with NAA alone began to decrease by the end of the twelfth week of culture
Summary
Mangosteen is usually propagated by apomictic seeds; but propagation by seeds is insufficient due to its seasonal fruiting and low yield of seeds It produces a maximum of two seeds per fruit but some fruits are seedless. The recalcitrant nature of the seeds causes difficulties in producing planting materials throughout the year. The efficiency of plantlet multiplication by methods described in those studies was not sufficient for the constant and mass supply of planting materials year round. Compact nodular callus formation from young leaf culture was reported in mangosteen (Te-chato et al, 1995a). Due to the limited availability of seeds, evergreen mangosteen leaves serve as favorable explants for in vitro mass propagation of planting materials via shoot organogenesis.
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