Abstract
Phytochemical, micronutrient composition and anti-oxidative potential of ethanolic leaf extract of S ida acuta in albino wistar rats were investigated using standard analytical methods. The result (mg/100 g) for phytochemical composition were 91.46 ± 0.02 tannin, 1500.36 ± 0.36 alkaloid, 530.27 ± 0.03 saponin, 1163.86 ± 0.1 flavonoid, 1454.50 ± 0.85 steriod, 115.29 ± 0.05 terpeniods and 851.62 ± 0.01 cardiac glycosides. The vitamin composition (mg/100 g) were 0.36 ± 0.01 thiamin, 0.19 ± 0.02 niacin, 24.27 ± 0.25 ascorbic acid, 1.85 ± 0.32 tocopherol, 0.12 ± 0.05 riboflavin while mineral composition (mg/100 mg) was 14428 ± 0.02, 122.11 ± 0.01, 325.12 ± 0.02 for calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively. To determine the antioxidative potential, twenty-four adult wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 received feed and water (control) while group 2, 3 and 4 in addition to feed and water were treated with ethanol leaf extract of S. acuta at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight, respectively. After 14 days of treatment; the rats were sacrificed and plasma obtained for oxidative stress indices assay. The result showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mean values of plasma malondialdehyde concentration and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in reduced glutathione concentration at 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight compared to the control group. Plasma catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in animals treated with 60 mg/kg body weight compared to the control group. The result showed that ethanolic leaf extract of S. acuta possesses an antioxidant property which, in a dose dependent manner, reduces/ameliorates oxidative stress in rats. Keywords: Sida acuta , rats, micronutrients, phytochemical, oxidative stress
Highlights
Medicinal plants are local heritage of global importance and have continued to play essential role in health care with 80% of the world’s inhabitants relying on traditional medicinal plants for optimum health (Cragg and Newman, 2001)
Preliminary evaluation of the phytochemical, some vitamins and minerals composition and the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of S. acuta on oxidative stress indices were investigated in this study
Reduced glutathione (GSH) showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in rats treated with 40 and 60 mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of S. acuta when compared with the control while catalase and superoxide dismutase activity
Summary
Medicinal plants are local heritage of global importance and have continued to play essential role in health care with 80% of the world’s inhabitants relying on traditional medicinal plants for optimum health (Cragg and Newman, 2001). This has led to scientific validations to get evidences for their use in traditional medicine. S. acuta is a perennial shrub which grows up to 1 m high and reproduced from their seeds. It is erect with branched woody stems having simple and alternate leaves. These include headache, cough, ulcer, urinary infections, skin infections, liver disorder and malaria (Wake, 2012)
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