Abstract
This paper evaluated the effect of household location on self-assessed health among adults living in large cities, with adjustments for environmental characteristics inside and outside homes and for characteristics of the individual. The results showed that, in comparison with rural areas, urban areas were associated with better self-assessed health levels among adults. Although the adjusted analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in self-assessed health levels between the urban and rural areas, the study showed, independent of whether living spaces were urban or rural and the effect of living conditions in environments inside and outside homes, on self-assessed health levels. Key words: Self-assessed health, household location, multilevel analysis.
Highlights
Urbanization is still considered to be the phenomenon with the greatest influence on socioeconomic and environmental conditions in developing countries (Martine and Mcgranahan, 2010)
Among the adults living in large-population municipalities, 96.3% were living in households located in urban areas and the majority (72.3%) of them reported having a good/very good state of health, while 23.1% reported having a fair state of health and 4.6% reported having poor/very poor state
In the preliminary analysis correlating the sampling weights with the outcome of self-assessed health among the adults, by means of multilevel modeling, it was observed, taking into consideration the hierarchical data structure, that the sampling weights did not show any statistical correlation with the self-assessed health levels among the adults (p-value = 0.444), indicating that the sampling weights were uninformative and that there was no need to incorporate them into the analysis, in the case of this outcome in particular
Summary
Urbanization is still considered to be the phenomenon with the greatest influence on socioeconomic and environmental conditions in developing countries (Martine and Mcgranahan, 2010). Different regions and states in a country present unequal urbanization and contrasts in population distribution between urban and rural areas (Giffoni, 2010). Rapid population growth with proper adaptation of infrastructure conditions is a threat to sustainable development and has consequences for urban populations such as pollution, environmental degradation, and unsustainability of production and consumption patterns (United Nations, 2014). Urbanization has taken place more rapidly and the rate of urbanization has presented a weaker correlation with economic growth than in developed countries (United Nations, 2013).
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