Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, chromium and manganese) in selected fish species from Eleyele reservoir Ibadan Oyo State South-Western Nigeria were investigated. A sample each of catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Africa pike (Hepsetus odoe) and tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Eleyele lake Ibadan Oyo state were collected from fish farmers at the landing site early in the morning using standard procedure and transported to the laboratory within 30 minutes for laboratory analysis. Heavy metal concentration in the flesh of the fish species and water sample were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There existed significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of heavy metals in fish flesh of various fish species with that of herbivorous fish (Tilapia fish) being the highest followed by omnivorous fish (catfish), followed by piscivorous fish (H. odoe), while that of the water body was the lowest. It was concluded that fish could be considered bio-indicator of environmental contamination within the aquatic ecosystem; it also indicates that fish could be useful in estimating bioavailability of metal to freshwater biota. Key words: Heavy and trace metal, Clarias gariepinus, Hepsetus odoe, Oreochromis niloticus, Eleyele reservoir.
Highlights
Heavy metal comprises a number of elements which are manganese, chromium lead, cadmium, etc. (Mazvila, 2001), but these metals are the most important source of necessary for living organisms: that is, iron, zinc, copper, pollution (Chovanec et al, 2003; Popek et al, 2008)
The result of this study indicates that there was significant difference (P
The levels of lead in these fish samples were less than those recommended by European commission (EC) 2001 guideline and FAO, as reported by Sivaperumal et al (2007) that the allowable level of lead in fish, is 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg respectively
Summary
Heavy metal comprises a number of elements which are manganese, chromium lead, cadmium, etc. (Mazvila, 2001), but these metals are the most important source of necessary for living organisms: that is, iron, zinc, copper, pollution (Chovanec et al, 2003; Popek et al, 2008). Heavy metal affects freshwater organisms and induces certain harmful modifications at histological and morphological levels, decreases the growth and developmental rates resulting in increase of death rate and the decrease of birth rate (Authman, 2008). Their potential toxic effects are given by the presence in water solution at concentrations exceeding certain threshold levels and their long persistence in the aquatic ecosystems and their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food webs (Naeem et al, 2011). The distribution of metals varies between fish species, depending on age, development status and other physiological factors (Kagie and Schaffer, 1998)
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