Abstract
To screen out cultivars with excellent tissue culture capacities for genetic transformation, the callus induction and regeneration response of immature embryos, inflorescences and anthers from 50 China new released cultivars with excellent agronomic performance were evaluated. The results showed that, among the surveyed cultivars, the callus induction frequency of immature embryos and inflorescences were genotype-independent. Whereas, the regeneration frequency of callus induced from immature embryos were significantly different, with less than 60%, from 60 to 80% and more than 90% in 36, eight and six cultivars, respectively. The regeneration frequency of the induced callus from inflorescences differed significantly, with less than 60%, from 40 to 90% and more than 90% in 34, 11 and five cultivars, respectively. However, both the callus induction and green plantlets regeneration frequencies of anthers were significant different among the cultivars, with the induction frequency less than 25%, from 25 to 60%, and more than 75% in 33, 14 and three cultivars, respectively. The green plantlets regeneration frequency of the callus induced from anthers ranged from 42.5 to 88.5% in different cultivars. Tissue culture capacities of immature embryos and inflorescences were highly correlated. Whereas, both of them have low correlations with anther culture capacity. Key words: Common wheat, inflorescences, immature embryos, isolated anthers, tissue culture capacity.
Highlights
Common wheat is one of the most important food resources
The present study indicates that the immature embryos with the proper size from different genetic background respond to induction medium very nicely, but the regeneration capacity of the induced callus differed greatly, so tissue culture capacities of the immature embryos were mainly determined by their regeneration frequency
The result disagrees with some previous reports which stated that the induction frequency of immature embryos was genotype dependent (Barro et al, 1999; Fennell et al, 1996; Maddock et al, 1983)
Summary
Common wheat is one of the most important food resources. The sustainable and sufficient wheat supply plays critical roles in food security. The continuous increasing population requires more and more wheat production, conflicting with the declining and deteriorating land and water resources. To solve this problem, the only way is to harvest more from the limited arable land. Due to the limited available germplasm and the changeable climates, conventional breeding is facing a bottleneck on how to increase the yield. Genetic engineering makes it possible to introduce the alien genes to wheat chromosome and create new germplasm with excellent agronomic traits, which was vital in varieties breeding. Genetic engineering was considered as one of the most important technologies to break through the bottleneck (Bhalla et al, 2006)
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