Abstract
A study to compare the effectiveness of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling was carried out with a total of 65 DNA samples using 12 species of Indian Garcinia. ISSR and RAPD profiling were performed with 19 and 12 primers, respectively. ISSR markers generated a total number of 156 bands with 92 polymorphic bands, while RAPD markers produced a total of 134 bands with 80 polymorphic bands. Percentage of polymorphic loci in RAPD profiling was 60.4% while in ISSR profiling, it was 59.3%. Heterogeneity index was similar for the markers, 0.86 for ISSR and 0.89 for RAPD, indicating that both the marker systems are effective in determining polymorphism in Garcinia. ISSR markers showed clear distinction among the species whereas RAPD markers showed segregation based on geographical location as well as species based. Key words: Garcinia, genetic diversity, inter-simple sequence repeats, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, principal component analysis.
Highlights
Garcinia is a large genus with 240 species of evergreen trees and shrubs
inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers generated a total number of 156 bands with 92 polymorphic bands, while randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers produced a total of 134 bands with 80 polymorphic bands
Heterogeneity index was similar for the markers, 0.86 for ISSR and 0.89 for RAPD, indicating that both the marker systems are effective in determining polymorphism in Garcinia
Summary
Garcinia is a large genus with 240 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. About 35 species are reported in India, among which seven are endemic to Western Ghats, 5 in north-east Himalayas and six in Andaman Islands (Peter and Abraham, 2007). Garcinia is one among the few genera in angiosperms that shows a very high degree of diversity (Osman and Rahman, 2006). ISSR markers are highly polymorphic and are useful in studies on genetic diversity, phylogeny, gene tagging, genome mapping and evolutionary biology (Pradeep et al, 2002). This technique is useful for phylogeographic analyses or Abbreviations: BSI, Botanical Survey of India; ISSR, inter-simple sequence repeats; RAPD, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; PMB, percentage of monomorphic bands; PPB, percentage of polymorphic bands; PIC, polymorphism information content; PCoA, principle coordinate analysis
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