Abstract
The potential risk of non-human primates in Senegal to be natural hosts for arboviruses of importance for human has been assessed. A total of 58 wild monkeys, including 14 Erythrocebus patas and 44 Chlorocebus sabaeus, were trapped at three sites within forest galleries and the nearby village of Ngari, in the Kedougou area, Southeastern Senegal. Blood samples were taken and sera analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of Yellow Fever (YF) and/or Dengue 2 (DEN-2) reacting antibodies. An overall yellow fever seroprevalence of 22.4% was found, including 5.2% and 17.2% YF IgG positive E. patas (3/58) and C. sabaeus (10/58) respectively. Three of the positive C. sabaeus were trapped near Ngari village, and the others in forest galleries. Also, 12.0% of the primates tested positive including 5.2% of E. patas and 6.9% of C. sabaeus, all of them were from the forest galleries. Ultimately Cercopithecidae act as potential amplificatory reservoir hosts for YF virus and, seroconversion observed within wild C. sabaeus and E. patas demonstrates also an active DENV-2 virus circulation within non-human primates in Senegal. The present study addresses and discusses new insight of both viruses’ natural enzootic cycles. Key words: Yellow fever, Dengue, monkeys, Senegal.
Highlights
The trapping sites were selected, while Dengue viruses (DENV)-2 and Yellow fever virus (YFV) have been known for circulating in these targeted areas (Cornet et al, 1978; 1979; 1984; Diallo et al, 2003; Traore-Lamizana et al, 1994)
During the rainy season in 2006, over 20 sera collected from captured monkeys, seven [four C. sabaeus (L2, L6, L11 and L16) and three E. patas (Re1P8, L14 and L15)] tested positive for DENV-2 IgG without DENV2 IgM
Six newly captured individuals in 2006 tested positive for DENV-2 IgG (Table 2), including two juveniles less than 1 year old [one E. patas (L14) and one C. sabaeus (L16)], attesting that DENV-2 recently circulated within the monkeys of the forest gallery of PK10
Summary
There is no licensed vaccine for DENV and control of this disease primarily relies on vector control and community This disease sickens 50 to 100 million people every year, from which 200,000 to. 500,000 cases of potential life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are reported (Noisakran and Chuen, 2008). Several investigations have been undertaken in West Africa concerning the natural cycle of DENV- wild mosquitoes non-human primates but failed to prove a dengue sylvatic cycle. Seroepidemiological survey was carried out in Southeastern Senegal in order to assess if the most abundant non human primates of the region could potentially act as efficient DENV reservoirs or amplification hosts and play an important role in the virus natural perpetuation in forest galleries where mosquitoes have been found infected with DENV-2.
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