Abstract
The effect of processing methods on the chemical composition, proximate, mineral, vitamin and microbiological quality of vegetable drink extract of Irvingia gabonensis was studied. The processing methods included drying (shade and solar drying), blanching (at 0, 2, 4 and 6 min) as well as blanching and drying of the leaves. Aqueous extracts were obtained from the leaves and the analysis carried out using standard methods. The result showed that whereas some parameters analyzed varied with processing, others remained unaffected. The moisture, protein and fat content did not vary significantly (p 0.05) reduced by all the processing methods to the range of 101.27 to 632.91 IU. Vitamin C, on the other hand, was increased significantly (p<0.05) by all the drying methods. The rest of the vitamins and also minerals were inconsistent with the processing methods. Total plate count was negligible in blanched drink extracts while shade drying gave the highest count (1.30 × 103 cfu/g). Total coliforms were reduced in all the drinks from the processed leaves. The mould count in the blanched drink extract remained relatively low, but increased mould counts occurred in drink extract from shade dried leaves. Key words: Blanching, Irvingia gabonensis leaf, shade drying, solar drying, vegetable drink extract.
Highlights
Orchids are the largest and most diverse family of angiospermic plants; most orchids are widely used in traditional medicine as remedies for severe diseases (Pant and Raskoti, 2013)
For D. amoenum, hexane, chloroform and acetone extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus (ZOI: 11.33, 12.00 and 11.00 mm respectively), acetone extract against A. baumannii (ZOI: 13.00 mm) and methanol extract against P. aeruginosa (ZOI: 12.00 mm)
For D. crepidatum, hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. typhi (ZOI: 10.00, 11.67, 12.00, 9.67 and 12.67 mm respectively), hexane, ethanol and methanol extracts against P. aeruginosa (ZOI: 10.00, 9.67 and 15.00 mm respectively), choloroform and acetone extracts against S. aureus (ZOI: 9.67 mm) and ethanol extract against E. coli (ZOI: 11.00 mm)
Summary
Orchids are the largest and most diverse family of angiospermic plants; most orchids are widely used in traditional medicine as remedies for severe diseases (Pant and Raskoti, 2013). Several Dendrobium species are used in traditional medicine as tonics to nourish the stomach, promote the production of body fluids and decrease fever (Ng et al, 2012; Xu et al, 2013) They produce a variety of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds (Hu et al, 2010; Li et al, 2009a; Zhao et al, 2003), bibenzyl derivatives (Bi et al, 2004; Chen et al, 2010; Hu et al, 2008; Li et al, 2009b, 2009c, 2014; Majumder et al, 1999; Majumder and Chatterjee, 1989), lignin glycosides and phenanthrenes (Hu et al, 2008), and alkaloids (Elander et al, 1973; Kierkegaard et al, 1970; Li et al, 2008; Venkateswarlu et al, 2002). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Acinetobacter baumannii have inherent resistant to most available antibiotics (Chambers, 1997; Kim et al, 2005; Patzer and Dzierzanowska, 2007)
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