Abstract
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of ethanolic and water extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (Lengkuas) and two varieties of Zingiber officinale(Ginger) was evaluated. Butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), a known radical scavenger, was used to serve as positive control. Malaysian ginger ethanloic and water extracts from dried ginger (MGEE and MGWED) showed a good to excellent activity. Thailand ginger water extracts from fresh and dried ginger (TGWEF and TGWED) and ethanolic extract from dried ginger (TGEE) exhibited an average to excellent radical scavenging activity. Malaysian lengkuas water extracts from fresh and dried lengkuas (MLWEF and MLWED) and ethanolic extract from dried lengkuas (MLEE) exhibited a good to excellent activity. In addition, the IC50values were calculated for all the extracts and are listed separately. MGWED, MGEE and MLEE showed IC50 values (< 0.03 mg/mL) less than BHT (~0.12 mg/mL), indicated that these extracts are having better scavenging activity than BHT. TGWEF showed an IC50value (~0.13 mg/mL) close to BHT. For all other extracts, the IC50 values are slightly higher than BHT. Key words: Zingiber officinale, Alpinia galanga, Zingiberaceae, radical scavenging activity, antioxidant, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), ethanolic extract, water extract.
Highlights
The by-products of normal metabolism are oxidants such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl free radicals etc. (Multhaug et al, 1997) which are collectively called reactive oxygen species (ROS)
MGWEF: Malaysian ginger water extract obtained from fresh ginger; MGWED: Malaysian ginger water extract obtained from dried ginger powder; MGEE: Malaysian ginger ethanolic extract obtained from dried ginger powder; TGWEF: Thailand ginger water extract obtained from fresh ginger; TGWED: Thailand ginger water extract obtained from dried ginger powder; TGEE: Thailand ginger ethanolic extract obtained from dried ginger powder; MLWEF: Malaysian lengkuas water extract obtained from fresh lengkuas; MLWED: Malaysian lengkuas water extract obtained from dried lengkuas powder; MLEE: Malaysian lengkuas ethanolic extract obtained from dried lengkuas powder; BHT: Butylhydroxytoluene
Malaysian ginger water extract obtained from dried ginger powder (MGWED) showed slightly higher radical scavenging activity than Malaysian ginger ethanolic extract obtained from dried ginger powder (MGEE) at all concentrations (Figure 1A and Table 1)
Summary
The by-products of normal metabolism are oxidants such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl free radicals etc. (Multhaug et al, 1997) which are collectively called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defend from these ailments, the oxidation process is prevented by some radical scavengers called antioxidants (Aruoma, 1994) Antioxidants inhibit these free radicals by any of the processes namely: i) reducing the concentration of ROS; ii) scavenging initiating radicals; iii) breaking chain reaction and iv) chelating the trasition metal catalysts (Maccarrone and Ulrich, 2004). In our continuing research in molecular medicine, especially the enzyme interaction with herbal extracts and pure natural products, we obtained ethanolic and water extracts from Malaysian and Thailand gingers and Malaysian lengkuas. We envisioned that these extracts can be extended for their study on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and the results obtained are communicated in this study
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