Abstract
The detailed sedimentary study of the deposit sequences of the ancient hominid sector (SahelanthropustchadensisalisToumaï) of Toros-Menalla, presented here addresses new aspects of the sedimentary geology of the Chad Basin through an original field study of Moi-sediments: Pliocene of the northern basin of CHAD. This is an original contribution that sheds light on new knowledge of sedimentary series of fluvio-lacustrine and aeolian origin in the Djourab desert which are essential for understanding the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Chad, the Sahara and Africa. Aged from the Terminal Miocene to the present day, these deposits which constitute the last stages of the filling of this basin are exclusively of the continental type and concern in the broad sense the following four major sedimentary systems: Fluvial, deltaic, lacustrine and aeolian. From a lithological point of view, these sedimentary series are very heterogeneous and include sandstones, sands, clays and diatomites. Key words: Sedimentary deposit, Djourab, Toros-Menalla, Chad, fluvio-lacustrine, Aeolian.
Highlights
In Africa and more in the Chad Basin, the dynamics of paleoenvironments during the Mio-Pliocene played a crucial role in the history of the emergence and evolution of ancient hominids (Novello et al, 2015, 2017; Barboni et al, 2019; Bobe et al, 2020)
A first contribution to the knowledge of the Cenozoic continental sedimentary formations of the Chad basin was made in the 1970s (Servant-Vildary, 1973) and was interested in the paleoclimatic message of these series
Another more recent study (Schuster, 2002, Moussa et al, 2016) is more focused on the one hand on the paleoenvironments of the mio-pliocene series with ancient vertebrates and hominids of the Djourab erg and on the other hand on the major lacustrine episode of the Holocene embodied by Lake Mega-Chad (Bristow et al, 2018; Yu et al, 2020)
Summary
In Africa and more in the Chad Basin, the dynamics of paleoenvironments during the Mio-Pliocene played a crucial role in the history of the emergence and evolution of ancient hominids (Novello et al, 2015, 2017; Barboni et al, 2019; Bobe et al, 2020). A first contribution to the knowledge of the Cenozoic continental sedimentary formations of the Chad basin was made in the 1970s (Servant-Vildary, 1973) and was interested in the paleoclimatic message of these series. Another more recent study (Schuster, 2002, Moussa et al, 2016) is more focused on the one hand on the paleoenvironments of the mio-pliocene series with ancient vertebrates and hominids of the Djourab erg and on the other hand on the major lacustrine episode of the Holocene embodied by Lake Mega-Chad (Bristow et al, 2018; Yu et al, 2020). A real stratigraphic study and a sedimentological analysis of these sedimentary series are missing
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