Abstract
Common bean is an important food legume crop in Sudan. Drought and heat stress are considered the main factors responsible for low productivity. Nine common bean genotypes were evaluated for yield stability under different sowing dates and watering regimes in three field experiments conducted in the River Nile State-Sudan during 2003 to 2006. 10 test- environments were thus achieved, representing the combined effect of drought and heat stress. Stability analysis (Eberhart and Russel model) was performed to identify the most yield-stable bean lines under limited moisture and temperature stress. The genotypes Bellenber-1, COWU-3-94-9, S/Hashim/98 and the small seeded genotype DB 190-74-1, appeared to be the most stable. It was concluded that these genotypes can be used to improve common bean tolerance to drought and heat stress conditions in the Sudan. Key words: Drought tolerance, heat stress, Hudeiba, River Nile.
Highlights
In Northern Sudan, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is normally cultivated under residual moisture in basins and islands after recession of the Nile flood
The large seeded genotypes, namely, Ibarya and S/Hashim/98 showed the lowest deviation from regression and a slope close to 1.0
The observed differences among genotypes for seed yield could be largely attributed to genetic effects (P< 0.00), yet the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) was significant indicating that some genotypes showed differential response in seed yield across environments, the need to perform stability analysis to investigate which of these genotypes have better adaptability or stability under the studied environments
Summary
In Northern Sudan, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is normally cultivated under residual moisture in basins and islands after recession of the Nile flood. The average productivity under farmers, field ranging between 0.5 and 1 ton/ha. Shendi and Berber are the major producing areas of common bean in the Sudan, where more than 90% of the crop is produced. Limited water availability to the crop can be due to physical and climatic factors, the soil-precipitation relationship, the soil-plant relationship, excessive demand by the plant, or any combination of these factors. These multiple constraints often act concurrently with considerably negative effects on the quantity and quality of crop product (Amede et al, 2004). The high temperatures may last for hours during a specific time of the day and /or night, or they may occur for several consecutive days, possibly repeated throughout the growing season (McWilliams, 1980)
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