Abstract
Introduction The systems biological analysis of dynamic protein constellations and the determination of proteomewide alterations due to physiological adaptations play an increasing role in modern sports medicine. Several large-scale studies on the effect of physical training in humans and relevant animal models have decisively improved our global understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle changes during exercise. The aim of this critical review was to discuss the proteomics of exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. Discussion Building on this extensive knowledge of conventional exercise biology, refined protein biochemical and mass spectrometric technologies can now be employed to study subtle changes in protein concentration, isoform expression patterns, protein–protein interactions and/or post-translational modifications following physical activity. Besides being a key method for the elucidation of fibre plasticity and muscle transformation, the systematic application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics promises to play a prevalent role in the establishment and evaluation of preventative exercise regimes to counteract skeletal muscle wasting and metabolic disturbances in common disorders with muscular involvement such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer cachexia or sarcopenia of old age. In this critical review, the impact of recent proteomic profiling studies of physical exercise is examined and its implications for our molecular understanding of skeletal muscle adaptations are discussed.
Highlights
The systems biological analysis of dynamic protein constellations and the determination of proteomewide alterations due to physiological adaptations play an increasing role in modern sports medicine.Several large-scale studies on the effect of physical training in humans and relevant animal models have decisively improved our global understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle changes during exercise
Recent findings from mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies of physical exercise have identified a variety of adaptive changes in muscle proteins involved in cellular signalling, fibre contraction, metabolic pathways and the cellular stress response
The establishment of these novel biomarkers, which are characteristic for exercise-related muscle adaptations, will be extremely useful for the detailed biochemical evaluation of physical training programs
Summary
A large number of scientific breakthroughs have transformed the field of exercise biology[1]. Our understanding of gene regulation and protein alterations in response to physical exercise has dramatically improved through the application of molecular and cellular analyses of skeletal muscle adaptations. This has involved the elucidation of novel structural, functional and metabolic aspects during force generation and physiological adaptability in response to different training regimes[2]. Novel integrative approaches attempt to study these effects of exercise-induced physiological disturbances on the level of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome[5,6,7]. The findings from recent proteomic studies that have focused on large-scale analyses of exercise-induced changes in the protein complement from skeletal muscle are reviewed. An attempt is made to assess how these molecular findings can be used to rationalize the physiological and biochemical basis of muscle adaptations and to suitably plan future global studies in exercise biology
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
