Abstract
The aim of this study is to explain the principles of the creation, operation and analysis of the effects of special economic zones. Zones are a tool of regional policy, aiming at accelerating the economic development of disadvantaged areas. Attracting capital activates specific areas of the economy, allows beneficial transformations into its structure and allows for the creation of new jobs. One factor that influenced the development of special economic zones in Poland was country's accession to the European Union. Access to the common market, tax benefits and relatively low labor costs have led investors to undertake activities in the zones. Research which help to understand the impact of special economic zones on socio-economic development is important, useful in deciding whether to continue their functioning or not. Results can also be useful for practitioners of economic when it comes to making a decision about starting new business in the sphere. Key words: Special economic zone, regional policy.
Highlights
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in Poland operate under the Act on Special Economic Zones of 20 October 1994, as amended (Journal of Laws (J.L.) 2007.42.274, changes: J.L.2008.118.746 - Article (Art.) 1, J.L.2009.18.97- Art.12)
One factor that influenced the development of special economic zones in Poland was country's accession to the European Union
SEZs in Europe plays European Union (EU) regional policy whose primary goal is to reduce and equalize disparities and the rising of the backwardness of the less-developed countries (Filipiak et al, 2005)
Summary
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in Poland operate under the Act on Special Economic Zones of 20 October 1994, as amended (Journal of Laws (J.L.) 2007.42.274, changes: J.L.2008.118.746 - Article (Art.) 1, J.L.2009.18.97- Art.). SEZ - in Mielec - was founded in 1995, the youngest is the Krakowska zone, which began operations in the year 1998. There are fourteen special economic zones present in all Polish provinces. These are: Kamiennogorska SEZ Small Businesses, Katowicka SEZ, Kostrzynsko-Slubicka SEZ, Krakowska SEZ, Cracow Technology Park, Legnica SEZ, Lodzka SEZ, Mielecka SEZ Euro-Park Mielec, Pomorska SEZ, Slupska SEZ, Starachowicka SEZ, Suwalska SEZ, Tarnobrzeska SEZ Euro-Park Wislosan, Walbrzyska SEZ Invest-Park and Warminsko-Mazurska SEZ. The aim of this study is to explain the principles of the creation, operation and analysis of the effects of the SEZ in Poland. Studies, which help to understand the impact of the special economic zones on the socioeconomic development -can be useful. The result may be useful for practitioners of economic life when deciding about starting the activities in the zone
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