Abstract
Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are extensively being used for human identification as well as paternity and forensic case work. X-Chromosome STR (X-STR) markers are a powerful complementary system especially in deficiency paternity testing. This study presents development of a new X-chromosomal STR multiplex kit providing short-amplicon (<200 bp) fragments. About 200 samples from Punjabi population were typed for seven X-STR markers: DXS101, DXS6789, DXS7132, DXS7423, DXS8378, GATA172D05 and GATA31E08. A total of 51 alleles were detected in the range of five to 10 alleles for each marker. The data can be used as reference database for Punjabi population along with the current battery of autosomal STR for forensic case work to increase the discrimination capacity and strengthen the existing system. Key words: X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs), mini-STRs, Punjabi population.
Highlights
Chromosome X short tandem repeats (X-Short tandem repeat (STR)) analysis has recently attracted attention of the forensic community because of its usefulness in complex kinship testing
The X-Chromosome STR (X-STR) markers showed no significant deviation from the Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium (p>0.01) except for locus DXS101
Our results suggest that all seven X-STRs described here can efficiently be used in parentage analysis and provide a powerful tool in forensic case work, in particular, to identify the female DNA profile in mixture analysis
Summary
Chromosome X short tandem repeats (X-STRs) analysis has recently attracted attention of the forensic community because of its usefulness in complex kinship testing. It is worth-while including X-STRs with autosomal markers for the cases when father/daughter relationships are to be tested. Forensic X-STR markers, as per size of amplicons, are just like autosomal and Y chromosomal STRs. Mini-STRs for autosomal, X and Y chromosomal can be efficiently used for degraded DNA. X-STRs have advantage over autosomal STRs for paternity cases involving close blood relatives as alternative putative fathers. The major advantage of X-STRs is proven in deficiency paternity cases, that is, when the DNA sample from putative father is not available and DNA from paternal relative has to be analyzed instead. Xlinked STRs can be used to solve sibling ship status of Abbreviations: STR, Short tandem repeat; X-STR, Xchromosome STR
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