English

Abstract

Phase II bond release is defined in Montana as replacement and soil tillage being completed and perennial vegetation establishing that is consistent with revegetation criteria (ARM 17.24.1116). Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) rules (30 CFR 800.40) define Phase II bond release as after revegetation has been established on the regraded mined lands in accordance with the approved reclamation plan. These definitions are similar, but not identical, and neither definition mandates quantitative measures that provide objective standards for judging success or failure. In the past, judgments have sometimes differed between various mine inspectors. This problem is exacerbated in years where high production of introduced opportunistic species, such as annual bromes (Bromus tectorum, B. japonicus) or yellow sweetclover (Mellilotus officinalis), may obscure the perennial vegetation. A method for determining the adequacy of vegetation establishment for Phase II bond release for surface coal mines in Montana is described. The method is designed to be quick, easy, and objective. It is used only for areas where questions or disagreements between regulatory personnel exist. The method assesses the percentage of 0.1 m 2 sample hoops that contain adequate perennial vegetation. We provide details for the method used in Montana, and we discuss potential adaptations for other geographic areas as well.