Abstract
Fresh, shade-dried and powdered samples of leaf, stem and root of Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica L) were subjected to fractional distillation in a Soxhlet apparatus using four organic solvents. Chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts from root of Plumbago showed higher zone of inhibition of 22.66±1.52, 21.5±1.29 and 16.5±1.29 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.0, 10.0 and 10.0 μg/ml, respectively against Escherichia coli. Root and leaf extracts by ethanol, chloroform and acetone showed higher antibacterial activity against E. coli as compared to standard Kanamycin (MIC-100 μg/ml). The high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprints were used for the quantitation of two bioactive markers: gibberellic acid and quinol R in the plant powder of different organs. Maximum content of gibberellic acid was found in acetone extract of the root (59.74%, Rf 0.79) followed by methanol root extract (53.01%). HPTLC provides a chromatographic fingerprint of phytochemicals and is suitable for confirming the identity and purity of medicinal plant raw materials. Key words: Plumbago zeylanica, antimicrobial property, bioactive compound, kanamycin, Escherichia coli, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), phytochemical fingerprint.
Highlights
Medicinal plants are a vital source of medication in developing countries
Two important chemical compounds like quinol, otherwise known as hydroquinone, an aromatic organic compound which is used as a topical application in human medicine and gibberellic acid, a plant growth hormone produced in different plant parts found to have antimicrobial property (Morshed et al, 2005) were taken as standards
The active compound isolated from these extracts is compared with kanamycin for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
Summary
Medicinal plants are a vital source of medication in developing countries. these are used by all sections of people either directly as folk remedies or in different indigenous system of medicines or indirectly in the pharmaceutical preparations of modern medicines. The active chemical constituents in a plant material serve as a characteristic fingerprint for that plant and help to develop analytical techniques to ascertain the quantity of the active constituents in botanically derived products. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a sophisticated and automated form of TLC which can be used to purify the bioactive compounds qualitatively and quantitatively It has better analytical precision and accuracy where both sample and standard are processed simultaneously (Sutar et al, 2002). Two important chemical compounds like quinol, otherwise known as hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol), an aromatic organic compound which is used as a topical application in human medicine and gibberellic acid, a plant growth hormone produced in different plant parts found to have antimicrobial property (Morshed et al, 2005) were taken as standards. The active compound isolated from these extracts is compared with kanamycin (commercial antibacterial compound) for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
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