English

Liane Domingos Laisa,Nunes Paiva Dulciane,Mantilla Giehl Paula,Ribeiro Asad Nasser,Bernardo Filho Mario,Jesus Marin Pedro

doi:10.5897/sre2015.6182

Abstract

Vibration is a mechanical stimulus that is characterized by an oscillatory motion. When there is a direct contact of a person, in general standing on the base of this type of platform, the vibration that is produced in these machines is transmitted to the body of the subject producing whole body vibration (WBV) exercises. Biological effects can be associated with the WBV exercises with desirable and undesirable consequences. These effects of the WBV exercises seem to be related to a direct effect in a tissue/organ/system and/or or to indirect effects due to alteration of the plasma concentration of some hormonal and non hormonal biomarkers. The aim of this investigation is to present a revision about hormonal and non hormonal biomarkers in human beings submitted to WBV exercises that have suffered alteration in the plasma concentrations. Searches were performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases with the key words “whole body vibration”. Papers were selected following defined criteria. Considering the WBV exercise, hormonal fluctuations of testosterone, growth, insulin-like growth factor1, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, irisin, parathyroid hormone and sclerotin are observed. Non hormonal biomarkers have suffered alterations in response to WBV, as glucose, free fatty acids, adiponectin, transforming growth factor-beta1, nitric oxide, osteopontin, interleukin-1beta, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cartilage oligometric matrix protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in plasma concentration. In conclusion, putting together the findings related to the alterations of the concentration of hormonal and non hormonal biomarkers due to the WBV exercises, it is possible that the fluctuations in the plasma concentrations of these biomarkers might help us understand better the biological effects of this kind of exercises, probably due to neuroendrocrine responses.   Key words: Whole body vibration exercise, vibration, hormonal and non hormonal fluctuations &nbsp

Highlights

General approaches about whole body vibration exercisesVibration is a periodic, sinusoidal and deterministic mechanical stimulus that is characterized by an oscillatory motion
When there is a direct contact of a person, in general standing on the base of this type of platform; the vibration that is produced in these machines is transmitted to the body of the subject producing whole body vibration (WBV) exercises (Cardinale and Wakeling, 2005; Rittweger, 2010)
WBV exercise can be considered a forced oscillation (Rittweger, 2010), and the energy of the vibration is transferred from the machine to the subject that is in contact with it

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Sinusoidal and deterministic mechanical stimulus that is characterized by an oscillatory motion. WBV exercise can be considered a forced oscillation (Rittweger, 2010), and the energy of the vibration is transferred from the machine to the subject that is in contact with it These vibrations have sinusoidal shape, and can be described by amplitude, a displacement peak to peak, and a frequency (Cardinale and Wakeling, 2005; Rittweger, 2010; Rauch et al, 2010). Cochrane (2011) has reported that despite the wide use of WBV in sport, exercise and health, the physiological responses of this kind of exercise remain equivocal due to studies that have used different protocols, various methods of application, several vibration parameters (frequency, peak to peak displacement), training duration and exercises performed with the WBV.

DISCUSSION

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Conclusion