Abstract
Generating somatic embryos from the inner teguments of hevea seeds is difficult. Like other ligneous plants, the rubber-tree is generally considered to be recalcitrant with regard to somatic embryogenesis. In this study, the ability of callus from inner integument explants to develop embryogenic callus lines was highlighted. Combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D/KT) (9 μM/3.375 μM) revealed the positive effect of the 2,4-D on callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from the inner integument of the seed of immature fruit. The rate of embryogenic calli of about 50% obtained, suggested that 2,4-D has a similar effect as 3,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (3,4-D). So, although 2,4-D is rarely used as a hormone in biotechnology of rubber, its positive influence on callus induction and somatic embryo development shows that it is an alternative to 3,4-D which is commonly used. Optimal combinations of 2,4-D/thidiazuron (TDZ) (9 μM/34.2 nM) produced abnormal embryos at lower rates (approximately 5%) than the optimal combination of 2,4-D/KT. Keywords : Callus, culture medium, Hevea brasiliensis, hormones, rubber-tree, somatic embryogenesis African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 1972-1977
Highlights
The rubber-tree is generally considered to be recalcitrant with regard to somatic embryogenesis
After transfer in embryogenic media, the colour of these calli turned to brown at the end of 75 days of incubation with appearance of somatic embryos (Figure 1)
Callus were produced in all media containing 2,4-D/KT combination
Summary
Cultivated on plantations in the tropics and subtropics, especially in Southeast Asia and western Africa, it replaced the rubber plant in the early 20th century as the chief source of natural rubber. It has soft wood; high, branching limbs and a large area of bark. The milky liquid (latex) that oozes from any wound to the tree bark contains about 30% rubber, which can be coagulated and processed into solid products, such as Kouassi et al 1973 tires. Latex can be concentrated for producing dipped goods, such as surgical gloves
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