Abstract
All 2000 healthy students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria (intakes of 2006/2007 academic session) comprising of 1058 females and 942 males were screened for ABO and Rhesus ‘D’ blood type. The analysis of the results shows O+ (49.75%), A+ (20.30%), B+ (19.60%), AB+ (3.70%), O- (3.95%), A- (1.10%), B- (1.35%) and AB- (0.25%). These values compares well with what has been reported in other countries. The high percentage of blood group O (53.70%) in the new intakes population provides an advantage in terms of availability of blood for transfusion especially in emergencies. Key words: ABO and Rhesus ‘D’ blood type, healthy students, distribution patterns.
Highlights
Experiment with blood transfusion has given birth to the two most significant blood group systems
The ABO blood group in 1901 and the Rhesus group in 1937 (Landsteiner, 1900; Landsteiner and Wiener, 1940) The development of the Coombs test in 1945 (Coombs et al, 1945), advent of transfusion medicine and the understanding of haemolytic disease of the new born led to the discovery of more blood groups and in total today there are 29 human blood groups systems as recognised by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)
An individuals can be AB Rhesus D positive, and at the same time M and N positive, K positive, and so on, since many of the blood group systems were named after the patients in whom the corresponding antibodies were initially encountered (Dean, 2007; Stayboldt et al, 2006; Kremer et al, 2007)
Summary
Experiment with blood transfusion has given birth to the two most significant blood group systems. Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but rarely, an individual blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection, malignancy or autoimmune diseases (Dean, 2007). Apart from the importance of ABO blood group and Rhesus blood in blood transfusion (blood compatibility before transfusion), pregnancy and child birth, blood types have been used in forensic science and in paternity testing before the advent of DNA analysis which provides greater certitude and has come to replace the use of blood type (Dean, 2007; Kremer et al, 2007). The associated antiA antibodies and anti-B antibodies are usually ‘Immunoglobulin M’ (IgM) antibodies They are always produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria and viruses. The present study, aimed at producing (in average) the ABO and Rhesus distribution of new intakes into Moshood Abiola Polytechnic during the 2006/2007 academic for record purposes and health planning
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