Abstract
The assessment of genetic diversity of the traditional rice varieties or landraces is an essential component in germplasm characterization and conservation to identify potential parents. In the present study SSR markers (588 SSR markers) were used for the assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness among 31 rice accessions. These included 18 accessions from Sudan and 13 from IRRI. Among the SSR markers used only 483 generated polymorphic patterns, and showed 1274 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 (about 214 markers) to 5 (RM16820 and AP3206a) with an average of 2.64 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.06 (RM3138, RM10671, SKC3, R1M7, R6M30, S07101 and S12041B) to 0.69 (RM7643), with an average of 0.39. The major allele frequency per locus varied from 32% (RM7643) to 97% (RM3138, RM10671, SKC3, R1M7, R6M30, S07101 and S12041B), with an average of 64%. Among the primers used in the present investigation, RM7643 was highly informative as it recorded the highest PIC value (0.69). The UPGMA resulted in allelic richness of four major clusters in which cluster I is composed of a high number of accessions. The pairwise genetic dissimilarity indices revealed the highest genetic dissimilarity of 62.3% between Pipanfary Red1 and FL478. The lowest genetic dissimilarity was found between NBGS3 and NBGS2 (4.1%), but they showed wide dissimilarity with other accessions. The study highlighted the usefulness of the application markers for efficient characterization of the Sudanese rice accessions. Key words: Rice accessions, genetic diversity, SSR markers, polymorphism.
Highlights
Information on genetic variability within cultivated crops has a strong impact on plant breeding strategies and conservation of genetic resources (Dean et al, 1999; Simioniuc et al, 2002)
The major allele frequency per locus varied from 32% (RM7643) to 97% (RM3138, RM10671, SKC3, R1M7, R6M30, S07101 and S12041B), with an average of 64%
Among the primers used in the present investigation, RM7643 was highly informative as it recorded the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value (0.69)
Summary
Information on genetic variability within cultivated crops has a strong impact on plant breeding strategies and conservation of genetic resources (Dean et al, 1999; Simioniuc et al, 2002). This is useful in the characterization of individuals, accessions and cultivars, in determining duplications in germplasm collection and for the choice of parental genotypes in breeding programme (Abu Assar et al, 2005). In Sudan, rice was introduced from Congo since 1905 (Hakim, 1963). Rice has the largest ex situ germplasm in the world, which made great contribution to rice breeding (Jackson and Juggan, 1993); the genetic diversity of rice in Sudan is not well understood
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