Abstract
Detection and identification of plant pathogens is one of the most important strategies for sustainable plant diseases management. For this reason, the availability of fast, sensitive and accurate methods for detection and identification of plant pathogens is increasingly necessary to improve disease control decision making process. In other words, new technologies and improved methods with reduced/fair cost and improved speed, throughput, multiplexing, accuracy and sensitivity have emerged as an essential strategy for the control of both fungal and bacterial diseases. The development of recombinant DNA technology is also possible to isolate individual genes and incorporate resistance genes into otherwise agronomically acceptable cultivars to develop genetically resistance variety for a particular disease. These advances have been complemented by the development of new nucleic acids extraction methods, increased automation, reliable internal controls, multiplexing assays, online information and on site molecular diagnostics. The different types of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the most common DNA amplification technology used for detecting various plant pathogens. With the applications of bioinformatics as a modern technology in plant pathology, identification of specific motifs, DNA sequences has become possible, which ultimately increase the accuracy of modern techniques in plant disease diagnosis. The newly emerged proteomic technology is also a promising tool for providing information about pathogenicity and virulence factors that will open up new possibilities for plant disease diagnosis and appropriate protection measures. Key words: Biotechnology, molecular markers, marker assisted selection, quantitative trait loci (QTL), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), proteomics.
Highlights
Biotechnology is broadly defined as set of biological techniques developed through basic research and applied to research and product development
Precise identification and diagnosis of plant pathogens to the species or strain level, information during their early stages of infection, and better understanding of pathogenicity factors are the crucial prerequisite for disease surveillance and development of novel disease control strategies
Genetic engineering is one of the potential tools to provide an abundance of beneficial plant traits, an Protein lutathione S-transferase Peroxiredoxin Peroxiredoxin, chloroplast Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Triosephosphate isomerase, cytosolic (EC 5.3.1.1) Thaumatin-like protein X Superoxide dismutase Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 a Quinone reductase Prohibitin Ascorbate peroxidase Remorin 1 Ascorbate peroxidase Glutathione S-transferase Pathogenesis-related 3
Summary
Biotechnology is broadly defined as set of biological techniques developed through basic research and applied to research and product development. In other words, it is the genetic manipulation and multiplication of any living organism through new technologies resulting in the production of improved and new organism and products can be used in a variety of ways (Agrios, 2005; Fagwalawa et al, 2013). New biotechnological tools enhance pathologists’ ability to make improvements in crops regarding to their respective diseases.
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