Abstract
A bibliographic investigation was carried out by gathering and analyzing the recognized books, including Chinese herbal classic, the Internet (Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar), and scientific databases (Pubmed, Scifinder, Scopus, CNKI, ACS, and Web of Science) for available information on Euphorbia hirta. Whole plants of E. hirta have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its properties that can cure and detoxify fever, promote diuresis, stop itching, and induce prolactin. Traditional uses of E. hirta are also recorded in some other pan-tropical areas, where it has been used for over 10 types of diseases. A number of chemical constituents, including flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols, have been isolated and identified from E. hirta. Various biological evaluations have been reported for its importance. Modern pharmacological investigation demonstrated that its crude extracts and active compounds possesses wide pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, sedative and anti-allergy. The current study summarizes the updated information concerning the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of E. hirta as well as its toxicology, and discusses the existing problem and future research direction of E. hirta. Key words: Euphorbia hirta, traditional Chinese medicines, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology.
Highlights
Euphorbia hirta, an important medicinal herb, belongs to genus Euphorbia, family Euphorbiaceae
The results showed that the crude ethanolic extract of E. hirta neither promoted the growth of S. aureus, nor provoked tissue reaction in canine wounds, it was recommended for use in surgical site preparation
The current study demonstrated that 90% of the ethanolic extract from the whole aerial parts of E. hirta possessed significant activity to prevent early and late phase allergic reactions caused by antihistaminic, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties
Summary
An important medicinal herb, belongs to genus Euphorbia, family Euphorbiaceae. E. hirta is native to Central America. It was introduced into Southeast Asia a long time ago and has since spread throughout. Modern pharmacological investigations showed that E. hirta and its active components possessed wide pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, antiasthmatic, antitumor, antimalarial, larvicidal, diuretic, and increases electrolytes, among others The chemical components of E. hirta along with its pharmacological actions have been studied by various laboratories. An overview of the current knowledge and information about E. hirta is presented for the study of its ethnopharmacology, phytomchemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
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