Abstract
White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) collected from two zones (West Gojjam and Awi) of Amhara region and one zone (Metekel) of Benishangul - Gumuz regional state of Ethiopia were studied using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in an attempt to assess the genetic diversity. Four ISSR primers of which three were dinucleotide repeats and one, a penta nucleotide repeat amplified a total of 39 clear and reproducible bands. Both unweighted pair- group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) phenograms and a neighbor joining (NJ) trees were constructed for the individuals and populations using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The dendrogram clearly indicated four distinct groups/populations based on the area of origin. The principal coordinates (PCO) analysis also recovered UPGMA and neighbor joining tree groups, although Amhara region white lupine were intermixed with each other. The genetic diversity among white lupine population considered in the present study indicated that Merawi was the highest (0.223) followed by Addis Kidam, Sekela and Wembera with genetic diversity of 0.198, 0.189 and 0.167, respectively. Generally, Amhara region white lupine (0.203) population shows higher genetic diversity than white lupine population of B-Gumuz region (0.167). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) in both grouping and without grouping revealed larger genetic diversity within the populations (74.6%) than among populations (25.4%). Shannon’s diversity index also confirmed the existence of higher genetic diversity in Amhara region lupine populations than in Benishangul-Gumuz. Furthermore AMOVA demonstrated highly significant (P = 0.00) genetic differences among populations within groups, among groups and within populations. Of the total variation, 64.64% was attributable to within populations, 27.23% to among groups and the least, 8.13% to among populations within groups. Generally, on the basis of samples of 39 bands in the four populations, ISSR was able to reveal moderate to high levels of genetic diversity within and among Ethiopian white lupine population. Key words: Amhara, Benishangul - Gumuz, Ethiopia, genetic diversity, ISSR, white lupine.
Highlights
The genus Lupinus belongs to the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) subfamily Papilionoideae tribe Genisteae (Gladstons, 1998)
The genetic diversity among white lupine population considered in the present study indicated that Merawi was the highest (0.223) followed by Addis Kidam, Sekela and Wembera with genetic diversity of 0.198, 0.189 and 0.167, respectively
On the basis of samples of 39 bands in the four populations, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was able to reveal moderate to high levels of genetic diversity within and among Ethiopian white lupine population
Summary
The genus Lupinus belongs to the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) subfamily Papilionoideae tribe Genisteae (Gladstons, 1998). There are over 300 species in the genus Lupinus but only five are cultivated: white lupine (Lupinu salbus), blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus), variable lupine (Lupinus mutablis) and garden lupine (Lupinus polyphillus). Four of these have gained agricultural importance. The white lupine is an old world species mainly distributed around the Mediterranean and along the Nile valley, where it has been traditionally cultivated for several thousands of years. These cultivated populations constitute the genetic resources of the species. Based on the modification in agricultural practices, genetic erosion in these areas has been extremely rapid (Huyghe, 1997)
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