Abstract
Tuberculosis is a contagious airborne infection that mostly affects the lungs. The causative agent of tuberculosis in human is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence and dissemination of M. tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs represent a growing public health threat. Fractions from Alafia barteri, Chasmanthera dependence, Chrysophyllum albidum, Emilia coccinea, Mezoneuron benthamianum, Phyllanthus muellerianus, Secamoni afzeli, Senna alata, Xylopia aethiopica and Acalypha fimbriata were screened for activity against drug susceptible M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the local isolates using proportion and nitrate reduction methods. The organisms used were M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain and the local isolates from TB patients. The standard antitubercular drugs used were isoniazid and rifampicin. No fractions from A. barterii, C. dependens, E. coccinea, S. afzeli, S. alata and X. aethiopica showed sensitivity against the M. tuberculosis strains. The hexane fraction of C. albidum, butanol fraction of M. benthamianum, ethyl acetate fraction of P. muellerianus and ethyl acetate fraction of A. fimbriata showed sensitivity with minimum inhibition concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. The ethylacetate and hexane fractions of M. benthamianum together with hexane fraction of P. muellerianus showed sensitivity with MIC value of 1.25 mg/ml. The highest MIC value of 2.5 mg/ml was obtained from hexane fraction of A. fimbriata. Thus, C. albidum, M. benthamianum, P. muellerianus and A. fimbriata possessed antimycobacterium tuberculosis activity and further research work would be required to assess possible antitubercular agents present in the four medicinal plants. Key words: Tuberculosis, anti-mycobacterium, fractions, sensitivity and inhibition.
Highlights
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ethylacetate and hexane fractions from P. muellerianus, hexane fraction from C. albidum together with hexane and ethylacetate fractions from A. fimbriata inhibited the growth of the M. tuberculosis strains
The negative result obtained for X. aethiopica as shown in Table 3 is consistent with the earlier report by Adeleye et al (2008) and Ogu (2011), of the ineffectiveness of the plant in inhibiting the growth of the M. tuberculosis
Summary
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted from an in active tuberculosis patient by exposure to tubercle bacilli air-borne droplets from coughing or sneezing. In 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis a global emergency because it killed more adults each year than any other infectious disease (Kandel et al, 2008). Tuberculosis still constitutes a major health problem in Nigeria. According to the WHO, the estimated incidence of TB in Nigeria is 322 per 100,000 population with only 15% of the total burden of the disease in the country being notified in 2015 (Onyedum et al, 2017). Over 80 % of TB cases in Nigeria were still undetected while it claimed over 1.5 million lives annually in the country (Olokor, 2017)
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