Abstract
Recognized for its traditional roles, estrogen is ever-present in all vertebrates, regulates reproduction by binding and activating estrogen receptors (ERs), and also controls several functions of vertebrates, including reproductive immune, and central nervous systems. In order to access any other possible functions of the estrogen receptors in the development of the juvenile Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus â™€× Epinephelu polyphekadion ♂), full-length of ERs cDNA sequences were isolated and analyses were found to be 2391 bp for hgERα, 2626 bp for gERb1 and 2339 bp for hgERb2, respectively. The results of amino acid and phylogenetic analysis revealed that each hgER was grouped in consistent taxonomic groups of perciformes and demonstrated great evolutional conservation in functional domains. Real-time PCR examination discovered that the receptors expressed in all tissues examined, though, at a different level, the ERα mRNA level expressed higher than ERβ1, and ERβ2 in tissues examined. The ERα mRNA level of expression was found to be highest in the tissue of the heart, followed by muscle, and liver. The ERβ1 mRNA level was greatest in heart tissue, trailed by liver and muscle and ERβ2 was highest in the heart trailed by stomach and liver. The minimal expression was recorded in the kidney, the gill, and the brain for ERα, ERβ1, and ERβ2 respectively. These results put forward that steroid hormone estrogen receptors might be playing a significant part in the controlling of social behavior complexity, plasticity behavior, and the assessment of a gratifying inducement in Hybrid grouper. Key words: Estrogen receptors, Real-time POR, tissue expression, hybrid grouper.
Highlights
The minimal expression was recorded in the kidney, the gill, and the brain for ERα, ERβ1, and ERβ2 respectively. These results put forward that steroid hormone estrogen receptors might be playing a significant part in the controlling of social behavior complexity, plasticity behavior, and the assessment of a gratifying inducement in Hybrid grouper
By the use of standard PCR procedures, the partial DNA fragments were augmented from Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀× Epinephelus polyphekadion ♂) liver, heart, and brain RNA
Amino acid sequences of hybrid grouper hgERα shared the identity of 42.3 and 40.3% with hgERβ1 and hgERβ2 respectively while hgERβ1 show the identity of 56.8% with hgERβ2
Summary
Two forms of estrogen receptors are reported in several vertebrates, ERα and ERβ, except, in teleost fish, where three models are detailed: ERα, ERβ1, and ERβ2. It seems that the ERαγ form in fish is genetically related to ERβ which might be due to gene duplication within the teleosts fish. Due to this result, ERβ and ERγ are named ERβ1 and ERβ2 (Katsu et al, 2011; Hawkins et al, 2000). The estrogen is the key steroid hormone (Chen et al, 2011) that regulates, differentiate and plays essential roles in “growth of oocyte maturation for female reproduction” (Diotel et al, 2018; Ni et al, 2013; Lassiter et al, 2002; Pepe et al, 2002; Pelletier et al, 2000), and play a precarious role in controlling the survival of spermatogonia and development of mature “spermatogenesis for male reproduction” in vertebrates (Ni et al, 2013; Makinen et al, 2001; Ebling et al, 2000)
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