Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is one of the major organophosphorous pesticides used in agriculture to control insect pests. Due to the widespread toxicity of chlorpyrifos in the environment, exploration of various chlorpyrifos-degrading microbes to clean-up the pollutant is of immense importance. A bacterial strain (Cellulomonas fimi), that could transform chlorpyrifos to 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCP) and a TCP utilizing fungal strain (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) were obtained from microbial type culture collection (MTCC), microbial type of culture collection, Chandigarh. The fungus could also degrade 50 mg chlorpyrifos L-1 within 6 days. Co culture completely mineralized 50 mg chlorpyrifos L-1 with 16 h at 33ºC and at pH 8.4 using a total inoculam of 0.13 g biomass L-1. These results showed that, the chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial and fungal strains had the potential to clean up the organophosphorous pesticide-contaminated environment. Key words: Chlorpyrifos, organophosphorous, Mineralization, Cellulomonas fimi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Highlights
Chlorpyrifos (O, O-diethyl O-(3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphothioate) is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides
These results showed that, the chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial and fungal strains had the potential to clean up the organophosphorous pesticide-contaminated environment
C. fimi and P. chrysosporium were grown in liquid culture medium containing chlorpyrifos or trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCP) as the sole carbon source
Summary
Chlorpyrifos (O, O-diethyl O-(3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphothioate) is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides It is a broad spectrum and moderately toxic insecticide with half-life (persistence) of 10-20 days in the environment. It has a very low solubility in water (2 mg/L) but is readily soluble in most organic solvents (Racke et al, 1990). Maximum residue limits of chlorpyrifos have been recommended by the joint FAO/WHO meeting on pesticide residues (IPCS, 2008). These problems highlight the need of biodegradation of chlorpyrifos residues from contaminated soil, water system or crop.
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