Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a functional feed additive, citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) probiotics (CPB) for beef cattle, using citrus junos by-product (CJ) with probiotics. A two-step fermentation process was developed for the production of CPB and the effects of CPB on growth performance, immune status, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile in Korean native (Hanwoo) steers were investigated. Twenty (20) Hanwoo steers (22 months old; 619.00±10 kg BW) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments in a completely randomized design: control (basal diet) and 1.0% CPB (basal diet + CPB 1.0% DM basis). At the end of the trial, steers were slaughtered and carcasses were evaluated. Dietary CPB supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (kg gain/kg DMI) of Hanwoo steers as compared to the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum IgG and carcass weight of Hanwoo steers were increased in response to CPB dietary supplementation (P < 0.05). No difference (P > 0.05) was observed in muscle composition while cholesterol concentration reduced in CPB supplementation group (P < 0.05). Overall, the concentrations of n-3 fatty acids were increased, while the ratio of n-6/n-3 decreased in the CPB dietary group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CPB improved growth, immunity and carcass weight of Hanwoo steers while reducing muscle cholesterol concentration with an elevated n-3 fatty acids concentration, indicating that CPB can be used as a functional feed additive for beef cattle. Key words: Citron probiotics, Hanwoo steer, growth performance, immunity, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile.
Highlights
Consumers prefer high-quality beef, which is primarily determined by the appearance, freshness, nutritional value and eating quality
It is widely known that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is closely related to the dietary intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents
L. acidophilus Korean collection for type culture (KCTC) 3111, B. subtilis KCTC 3239, and S. cerevisiae KCTC 7915 were selected as starter cultures based on acid, bile and heat tolerance level according to Hossain et al (2012)
Summary
Consumers prefer high-quality beef, which is primarily determined by the appearance, freshness, nutritional value and eating quality. Despite their slow growth rate, Korean Hanwoo cattle consistently produce highly palatable and well-marbled beef (Cho et al, 2010). It is widely known that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is closely related to the dietary intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents. The meat industry is looking for dietary strategies to modulate cholesterol and SFA while enriching meat with bioactive compounds such as antioxidants to improve product quality and protect consumers from oxidant-mediated diseases.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
