Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder. It affects the pilosebaceous units followed by an overgrowth by Propionibacterium acne bacteria. Dapsone is a sulfone antibiotic with an anti-inflammatory effect, which is considered to be accountable for its effectiveness in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The present study aims to prepare and evaluate the effectiveness of dapsone niosomes for topical application with an objective to control and prolong the release of the drug with improved skin penetration as a novel formulation for healing of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Niosomes were formulated by thin film hydration method using different ratios of surfactants (various spans 20, 40, 60 and 80) and cholesterol and were investigated with respect to its shape, size, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro release. Fifteen patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were selected and treated with dapsone niosomes as a single topical treatment for their acne lesions. Clinical assessment was done before and after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment. Niosomes containing span 60 showed a higher percentage of drug release after 24 h and greater entrapment efficiency as compared to other formulations. The clinical improvement was noticeable after 2 weeks of treatment with highly significant improvement of acne lesions after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001). Dapsone niosomes is a promising topical formulation for safe, tolerable and effective drug delivery system with minimal side effects apart from mild erythema and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Key words: Dapsone, acne vulgaris, niosomes, topical, clinical application.
Highlights
The present study aims to prepare and evaluate the effectiveness of dapsone niosomes for topical application with an objective to control and prolong the release of the drug with improved skin penetration as a novel formulation for healing of mild to moderate acne vulgaris
Niosomes were formulated by thin film hydration method using different ratios of surfactants and cholesterol and were investigated with respect to its shape, size, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro release
Entrapment efficiency of the drug-loaded niosomal formulation was found to be increased with increasing the cholesterol ratio from 10 to 50% whereas entrapment efficiency decreases on further increase in cholesterol ratio from 1 to 1.5 (Figure 2)
Summary
Known as diaminodiphenyl sulfone, is an antibiotic routinely applied with rifampicin and clofazimine as a combination for leprosy therapy (Sago and Hall, 2002). It has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in diseases which are characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils (Paniker and Levine, 2001). It has been utilized for treatment of acne, dermatitis herpetiformis, and various other skin cases (Zhu and Stiller, 2001). Several mechanisms were suggested to explain the penetration enhancing ability of niosomes
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