Abstract
Abstract : In PhilEx 1/12 and 1/25 world ocean models provided a global context for the Philippine Archipelago circulation. This archipelago provides two secondary routes for both the Indonesian throughflow and the western boundary current of the Pacific northern tropical gyre. These enter via Mindoro and Surigao Straits and exit via Sibutu Passage. The outflow continues through Makassar Strait, the primary conduit of the Indonesian throughflow, at all depths above the Sibutu Passage sill. In the model simulations 2004 and 2008, 2008 the central year for PhilEx observations, are extreme opposite anomalous years with strong southward Mindoro transport in 2004 and mean northward transport in 2008, but with little effect on the second route, results verified using satellite altimetry. A PhilEx mooring in Mindoro Strait and 1/12 global HYCOM were used to estimate mean transports of 0.24 Sv northward over the anomalous observational period and 0.95 Sv southward over 2004-2009.
Highlights
Introduc tion In the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx), global ocean models with resolutions as fine as 1/25° (4.4 km over the latitude range 0–11° and finer at higher latitudes) are used to investigate the circulation within the Philippine Archipelago in a global context, both spatially and temporally
The global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations were spun up for 10 years after initialization from the Generalized Digital Environmental Model 3 (GDEM3) hydrographic climatology (Carnes, 2009) and forced with an atmospheric climatology derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40) (Kållberg et al, 2004; HYCOM Exps. 1/12°–18.0 and 1/25°–4.0)
These results indicate that the mean transport of the Mindoro to Sibutu pathway is largely constrained by the outflow through Sibutu Passage, while the transport of the shallower pathway is mainly determined by the inflow through Surigao
Summary
A 1/12° global HYCOM simulation with tides generated the hydrostatic aspect of the internal tides within the Philippine Archipelago, including a strong internal tidal beam initiated at Sibutu Passage and observed crossing the Sulu Sea. Introduc tion In the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx), global ocean models with resolutions as fine as 1/25° (4.4 km over the latitude range 0–11° and finer at higher latitudes) are used to investigate the circulation within the Philippine Archipelago in a global context, both spatially and temporally. A global context is essential because the Philippines provide secondary pathways for the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow (Ilahude and Gordon, 1996; Metzger et al, 2010) and secondary routes to close the northern tropical gyre, which spans the North Pacific between the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) on the south and the North Equatorial Current (NEC) on the north.
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