Abstract
In Brazil, elephant grass has been used for thermal energy production, due to the high productivity, energy efficiency, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and biomass quality for energy generation by direct burning. The use of biomass depends mainly on the energy balance and biomass characteristics for energy production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass of dry matter yield, qualitative biomass variables and energy balance of two elephant grass genotypes. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with two elephant grass cultivars (Gramafante and Roxo) and four replications per treatment. Five cultivation cycles were studied. Biomass yield and the contents of acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, ash and calorific value were evaluated. The biomass yields of elephant grass cultivars varied between 12 and 24 Mg ha-1, where the lowest yields were presented by the cultivar Roxo, and the higher yields by Gramafante. The contents of fiber, lignin, cellulose and calorific value did not vary among the genotypes studied. An energy balance was calculated for the complete biomass production lifecycle of elephant grass and the overall energy output/input ratio was 15.1:1. The results show that the elephant grass has highly suitable materials for the production of energy by direct burning. Key words: Pennisetum purpureum, agroenergy, dry matter.
Highlights
In recent decades, the search for alternative sources of energy in lieu of the use of fossil fuels has been growing globally
The soil of the region was classified as Yellow Argisol (Ultisol), presenting the 0.62 mg dm3 of phosphorus and 0.03 cmolc dm3 of potassium availability, besides the 0.14 and 0.06 comlc dm3 of calcium and magnesium respectively, observed in the soil analysis
In the first and fourth cycles, there was statistical difference between genotypes, and dry matter accumulation was always higher for Gramafante cultivar as compared to Roxo, with values of 22.7 and 15.8 of Mg ha-1 for Gramafante and 18.5 and 12.3 of Mg ha-1 for Roxo
Summary
The search for alternative sources of energy in lieu of the use of fossil fuels has been growing globally. Renewable energy sources such as biofuels and biomass are an important strategy to reduce fossil fuel use, especially for countries with large areas available for agriculture and satisfactory rainfall distribution, such as Brazil (Morais et al, 2013).
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