Abstract
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East and Ethiopian Highlands, but now cultivated worldwide. Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because it was one of the first crops that could be easily cultivated on a large scale, and had the additional advantage of yielding a harvest that provides long-term storage of food. The purpose of this paper is to review increase or decrease effects of the wheat production price from the on farm to the retail, and then analyze the transmission mode of price fluctuations in the wheat market. The original research uses the weekly price wheat from December 2009 to December 2012 in the Iranian north province stock market. It applied the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) method for prediction of price transmission performance in the wheat production; the results of this study indicate that the price transfer from wholesale to retail to be done asymmetrical. This study contributes to research on transmission of the wheat price from the on farm to retail market. Key words: Causality test, wheat production, fuzzy cognitive map (FCM), Iranian north province
Highlights
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East and Ethiopian Highlands, but cultivated worldwide
Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because it was one of the first crops that could be cultivated on a large scale, and had the additional advantage of yielding a harvest that provides long-term storage of food
The purpose of this paper is to review increase or decrease effects of the wheat production price from the on farm to the retail, and analyze the transmission mode of price fluctuations in the wheat market
Summary
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East and Ethiopian Highlands, but cultivated worldwide. In 2010, world production of wheat was 651 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize (844 million tons) and rice (672 million tons). Wheat was the second most-produced cereal in 2009; world production in that year was 682 million tons, after maize (817 million tons), and with rice as a close third (679 million tons). This grain is grown on more land area than any other commercial food. Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because it was one of the first crops that could be cultivated on a large scale, and had the additional advantage of yielding a harvest that provides long-term storage of food. Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour for leavened, flat and steamed breads, biscuits, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal, pasta, noodles, couscous and for fermentation to make beer, other alcoholic beverages, or biofuel (Rapsomanikis et al, 2003)
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