Abstract
BACKGROUND In a developing country like India, vast difference exists in people’s religion, culture, and socio-economic condition and along with it, there exists a significant difference in their dietary habits. This has led to an incidence of a large spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases which is different in different geographical locations. The study was undertaken for studying the spectrum of various histopathological lesions of gastrointestinal tract with the help of endoscopic biopsy. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in a span of 2 years in the histopathology division. The study included 105 patients who had GI complains and underwent endoscopic biopsies for the same. RESULTS The present study included a total of 105 cases out of which there were 64 cases (61 %) of upper GI tract biopsies and remaining 41 cases (39 %) were of lower GI tract biopsies. Among 64 (100 %) cases of upper GI biopsies, reflux oesophagitis (4.67 %) was the most common in non-neoplastic lesions while well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (20.31 %) was the most common neoplastic pathology. In gastric biopsies, chronic atrophic gastritis (3.12 %) was the most common condition in a non-neoplastic category, while gastric adenocarcinoma (15.61 %) was the malignant lesion which was found. Among duodenal biopsies, the most common lesion was eosinophilic enteritis / duodenitis (14.06 %). Among 41 (100 %) colonoscopic biopsies, the most common lesion was chronic non-specific inflammation (12.19 %) under non-neoplastic category, while well differentiated adenocarcinoma (46.34 %) was most common entity under malignant category in our study. Non-neoplastic lesions were more common in upper GI endoscopic biopsies whereas, neoplastic lesions were more frequently seen with lower GI endoscopic biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Performing endoscopy alone is an incomplete investigative modality for the diagnosis. While performing endoscopy and simultaneously taking biopsy for histopathological evaluation helps in giving an accurate diagnosis. KEY WORDS GIT, Endoscopy, Endoscopic Biopsy
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