Abstract
Various factors affecting microspore culture were studied in Zantedeschia aethiopica. Starting microspores at late-unicellular stage, NLN as culture medium and treatment of culture at 32°C for 2 days prior to incubation at 25°C, gave the best early sporophytic response. A comparison of different carbohydrates applied in culture medium showed that glucose and fructose favored more occurrences of early sporophytic divisions than sucrose and maltose. However, multicellular structures stopped growing in continues cultivation with each carbohydrate. The development of multicellular structures was sustained and calli were formed by culturing microspores in the medium containing glucose or fructose for initial 7 days, subsequently changing to the medium containing sucrose. Thus, this studyrevealed an essential and novel role of monosaccharides in sporophytic development of Z. aethiopica microspores, whereas, it is known that monosaccharides are less effective for many other crops. In total, 24 calli were obtained, of which, 18 produced plants. Chromosome number counting of 18 plants indicated that 8 were haploid, 6 were diploid and the rest were other numeric chromosomal constitutions. Key words: Calla lily, haploid plant production, isolated microspore culture, glucose, fructose.
Highlights
Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.), a genus of the Araceae family, is an important ornament grown worldwide (Kuehny, 2000; Snijder et al, 2004; Wright et al, 2005; Ni et al, 2009, 2010)
A comparison of different carbohydrates applied in culture medium showed that glucose and fructose favored more occurrences of early sporophytic divisions than sucrose and maltose
It is known that disaccharides are more effective than monosaccharides in many crops, for example, sucrose is superior in Brassica spp. (Lichter, 1982; Arora and Bhojwani, 1988; Ili -Grubor et al, 1998; Custers, 2003), whereas, maltose is optimal in many cereal crops (Ferrie et al, 1995; Jähne and Lörz, 1995; Indrianto et al, 1999; Obert et al, 2000)
Summary
Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.), a genus of the Araceae family, is an important ornament grown worldwide (Kuehny, 2000; Snijder et al, 2004; Wright et al, 2005; Ni et al, 2009, 2010). The genus is native to southern Africa and consists of many valuable species. Various modern cultivars of calla lily are developed by crosses from different species and propagated vegetatively, have a high degree of heterozygosity. The juvenile phase of calla lily is quite long, lasting for 1 to 2 years. These characterizations hamper genetic analysis of important traits and efficient breeding of the ornamental. Breeding efficiency could be improved by inbreeding programs, but it is time consuming to obtain pure lines by numerous cycles of self pollination
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