Abstract
Chemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among the 11 compounds found, catechin, rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), delphinidin-3-glucoside, isoquercetin (hyperoside) and quercitrin (quercetine3,7-O-L-dirhanmopyranoside) were identified as the major phenolics components in this aqueous plant extract. To elute the target compounds, the fractionation of crude extract was carried out on solid phase extraction (SPE) columns. The different fractions (from FZ1 to FZ5) obtained after fractionation were evaluated in vitro against economically important foliar fungal pathogens of peanut, including Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata and Puccinia arachidis. The treatments with Z. mucronata fractions were compared with negative control (water) and standard solutions of cathechin and rutin (1 mg/mL). All the fractions recorded an inhibitory effect, firstly on conidial germination and germ tube elongation, secondly on disease evolution on peanut leaves previously inoculated by fungi; the level of efficiency of inhibition varied from 40.55 (FZ1 against C. arachidicola) to 57.14% (FZ2 and FZ3 against P. arachidis). Then, spores of P. arachidis seemed to be more sensitive to the treatment. Key words: Fungal pathogens, peanut, plant extract, phenolics, Ziziphus mucronata Willd.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) remains a high potential plant whose socio-economic importance is unquestionable throughout the West African sub-region
The objectives of the present study are to realize phytochemical analysis of a crude extract of Ziziphus mucronata and, after its fractionation to evaluate the antifungal activity of the crude extract and its different fractions against
The fruits were selected for uniformity of color, absence of mechanical damage and disease symptoms
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) remains a high potential plant whose socio-economic importance is unquestionable throughout the West African sub-region. It is regarded as both food and cash crop, and the processing of products (butter, dough and cake) is an additional source of income for women. In Burkina Faso, peanut is the second most important oily crops (DGESS, 2015). In 2014, a total production of 335.223 metric tonnes has been recorded throughout the country. Foliar diseases constitute a real obstacle to the growth of groundnut (peanut). Leaf spot are critical yield-limiting diseases of groundnut in West Africa accounting for yield reductions of 50 to 70%, where fungicides are not used (Shokes and Culbreat, 1997)
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