Abstract
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multiple antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urine samples of pregnant women in Mother and Child Hospital, Nigeria was reported. In the study, 407 apparently healthy pregnant women were recruited. Structured questionnaire was administered to the patients to obtain their socio-demographic information and the medical history. Urine samples were collected, processed and analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Detailed identification of the bacteria isolates was done using biochemical characterization using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and Analytical Profile Index (API) Kit. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacteria isolates was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion technique. Detection of the beta lactamase resistance genes (bla CTX-M and Tet A) was done by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with appropriate primers. The following Gram-negative bacteria were recovered comprising Pseudomonas aeruginosa 48 (34.0%), Escherichia coli 30 (21.3%), Klebsiella sp. 27 (19.1%), Proteus sp. 15 (10.6%), Salmonella sp. 8 (5.7%), Providencia rettgeri, 4 (2.8%) and Enterobacter cloacae 4(2.8%) and other enterobacteriaceae 5 (3.5%). Resistance of the isolates to antibiotics used varied greatly among the isolates. Resistance to antibiotics was highest with P. aeruginosa having 100% to augumentin, tetracylines, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, cotrimoxazole, ceftriazone, cefixime (97.9%) and cefuroxime (95.8%). There was diversity in the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) patterns among the isolates with 12 different MAR patterns observed. The selected P. aeruginosa profiled for resistance genes harboured bla-CTX-M (585bp) and Tet A (954bp) genes. The multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria recovered could pose great health challenge to the pregnant women and the unborn foetus. Key words: Gram negative bacteria, antibiotics, enterobacteriaceae, resistance genes.
Highlights
Bacteriuria can be defined as the appearance or presence of bacteria causing diseases in the urethra, bladder, and pelvis of the kidney
Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus agalactiae are some of the causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTI)
Urine samples of four hundred and seven apparently healthy pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Mother and Child hospital in Ondo Town were collected between July 2015 and January 2016
Summary
Bacteriuria can be defined as the appearance or presence of bacteria causing diseases in the urethra, bladder, and pelvis of the kidney Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus agalactiae are some of the causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTI). Multiple antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria which have developed resistant to many common commercial used antibiotics Their habitat is in the bowel and causes no harm or any problems but can cause infections in the urine, skin wounds and blood when left untreated. These multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections pose a serious threat in the clinical settings with limits to the choice of antibiotics in the treatment and management of infections in patients that are hospitalized, and more especially patients in intensive care unit. This study investigates into the phenotypic and molecular characterization of multiple resistant Gram-negative bacteria among pregnant women attending antenatal of Mother and Child Hospital in Ondo, Nigeria
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