Abstract
Synthetic dyes extensively used in different industries are maximally toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. Being recalcitrant, if not treated, they will remain in nature for extended period of time. Wide range of known methods for dye removal is categorized viz. Physical, chemical, biological and electrochemical. Advantage of biological, chemical and electrochemical method over physical involves the complete destruction of the dye molecule. Advantage of biological method over chemical and electrochemical is of being cost-effective also. Large numbers of micro flora including bacteria, fungi, algae and yeasts have been explored to decolorize and degrade dyes. The intent of the present review paper is to present the dye decolorizing and degrading potential of known microflora. To emphasize on the aspect of biological method for making it cheaper and non-polluting for cost effectiveness, it may be an effective environmental friendly technology especially for the developing nations. Key words: Dye, textile wastewater, biological method, biodegradation.
Highlights
Presence of color and causative compounds has always been undesirable in water used for either industrial or domestic needs (Kiran et al, 2012)
The inefficiency in dyeing processes has resulted in 10-15% of unused dyestuff entering the wastewater directly (Dwivedi et al, 2012).The effluents with high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values are highly toxic to biological life (Palamthodi et al, 2011)
Colored water is objectionable as it can spoil the beauty of water environments (Andleeb et al, 2010; Ashutosh et al, 2010). Discharging of such wastewaters into receiving streams affects the aesthetic aspects and interferes with transmission of sunlight into streams and reduces photosynthetic activity (Cicek et al, 2007). Without adequate treatment, such dyes will remain in the environment for an extended period of time (Olukanni et al, 2006)
Summary
Presence of color and causative compounds has always been undesirable in water used for either industrial or domestic needs (Kiran et al, 2012). Colored water is objectionable as it can spoil the beauty of water environments (Andleeb et al, 2010; Ashutosh et al, 2010). Discharging of such wastewaters into receiving streams affects the aesthetic aspects and interferes with transmission of sunlight into streams and reduces photosynthetic activity (Cicek et al, 2007). Without adequate treatment, such dyes will remain in the environment for an extended period of time (Olukanni et al, 2006). The existence of the colorless aromatic amines in the aqueous ecosystems is of a serious environmental and health concern; a complete removal of such compounds from aquatic system is required (Celik et al, 2012)
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