Abstract
The aim of this study was of twofold. One was to determine the genetic structure of Iraq population and the second objective of the study was to evaluate the importance of these loci for forensic genetic purposes. FTA® Technology (FTA™ paper DNA extraction) utilized to extract DNA. Twenty (20) STR loci and Amelogenin), including D3S1358, D13S317, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, THO1, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, TPOX, D8S1179, FGA, D2S1338, D5S818, D6S1043, D12S391, D19S433 and Amelogenin amplified by using power plex21® kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products detected by genetic analyzer 3730xL then data analyzed by PowerStatsV1.2. Based on the allelic frequencies, several statistical parameters of genetic and forensic efficiency have been estimated. This includes the homozygosity and heterozygosity, effective number of alleles (n), the polymorphism information content (PIC), the power of discrimination (DP) and the power of exclusion (PE). The power of discrimination values for all tested loci was from 75 to 96%; therefore, those loci can be safely used to establish a DNA-based database for Iraq population. The high PIC values of the selected markers confirm their usefulness for genetic polymorphism studies and linkage mapping programs in human as well. The mean heterozygosity observed, is expected to have mean PIC values across the 20 loci which were 0.77, 0.81 and 0.78, respectively, indicating high gene diversity. Key words: Autosomal STR, genetic variation, Iraq, statistical parameters.
Highlights
Microsatellites refer to DNA with varying numbers of short tandem repeats (Klintschar et al, 2006) between a unique sequence
After the samples have been collected, DNA extracted and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified were genotyped for the 20 short tandem repeats (STRs) loci of interest
Since there are some alleles which were not sampled sufficiently and an estimate of an allele frequency is uncertain if the allele is so rare that it can represented only once or a few times in a dataset, it is recommended that each allele was observed at least five times to be used in forensic calculations (Butler, 2007)
Summary
Microsatellites refer to DNA with varying numbers of short tandem repeats (Klintschar et al, 2006) between a unique sequence. DNA regions with repeat units that are 2 bp to 7 bp in length or most generally short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are generally known as microsatellites (Ellegren, 2004). In the core repeated bases, long repeat units may contain several hundred to thousands (Butler and Hill, 2012). Within the DNA there are length and sequence. Polymorphisms (Silvia et al, 2009). DNA can be used to study human evolution using human genome analysis regions that are not subjected to selection pressure (Mats et al, 2007; Imad et al, 2014).
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