Abstract
Three bioassays were conducted to investigate the antagonistic effect of secondary metabolites produced by 5 endophytic Fusarium oxysporum isolates from banana (Musa spp.) plants in Kenya, against Pratylenchus goodeyi. Percentage paralyses were recorded 3, 6 and 24 h after exposure to culture filtrates. Percentage mortality was evaluated after 48 h. All isolates caused significantly higher percentage paralysis (17.5 - 25.9%) and percentage mortality (62.3 - 72.8%) of P. goodeyi motile stages compared to the control (8.4 - 10.9% and 17.3 - 34.6%, respectively). Percentage paralysis of motile stages of P. goodeyi decreased as the length of time exposure to culture filtrates increased, while mortality increased as length of nematodes exposure to culture filtrates increased. Kenyan isolates performed equally as good as the Ugandan isolate (V5W2) in causing paralysis and mortality. Results from this study demonstrated that endophytic F. oxysporum antagonizes P. goodeyi through production of secondary metabolites.
Highlights
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important staple food for millions of people in developing countries of the tropics (INIBAP, 1991)
The objective of this study was to 1) investigate the effect of secondary metabolites produced by 5 endophytic F. oxysporum isolates from banana plants in Kenya, on mortality and paralysis of P. goodeyi and 2) compare it to that of the Ugandan strain V5w2, which is antagonistic to R. similes
The study revealed that all the culture filtrates of the 5 endophytic F. oxysporum isolated from banana plants in Kenya had in vitro mortality and paralysis effects on P. goodeyi
Summary
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important staple food for millions of people in developing countries of the tropics (INIBAP, 1991). Banana production in Kenya has been on a very rapid decline over the last 2 decades (MOALD, 1994). This sharp decline in yield has been due to the combined effect of pests and diseases, including nematodes, which have reduced average Kenyan banana yields on traditional farms to 14 ton/ha, less than one-third of the crop's potential under humid tropical conditions (Karamura, 1998).Bananas in East Africa are attacked by a complex of nematodes which include burrowing nematodes (Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne), the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus goodeyi (Sher and Allen)) and the spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb) Golden) (Gowen and Quénéhervé, 1990a; Karamura, 1993). Due to high cost of nematicides combined with their related health and environmental concerns, there is need for alternative methods of plant-parasitic nematode management
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