Abstract
Bush fires are increasingly becoming a threat to Guinean ecosystems and their understanding is a big challenge to scientists and environmental managers. Using the FARSITE model (Fire Area Simulator), this paper presents the prediction of the spread and characteristics of bush fires in the savannahs of North-eastern Guinea, specifically in Malea/Siguiri prefecture. Inputs, vegetation and topography dataset from satellite imagery (30 m resolution, Landsat and SRTM respectively) as well as in-situ meteorological data (wind, temperature and humidity) were used. These data obtained from the boundaries of the area of study were prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS). The burning time and the ignition points were fixed while admitting 3 scenarios: spread of fire in a plain without wind; spread on hills without wind effect and spread with wind effect. The results show that, in these savannahs, the intensity of the fire lines can reach 4133,3 KW/m under the effect of winds. Without winds, a decrease of 69% over plains and 68% over hills is noted. The amount of heat released could go up to 38000 KJ/m2 with the wind effect. While, without the wind effect a decrease of 10 and 9% over the plains and hills is observed respectively. Eventually, the speed of propagation reaches 8 m/min (0.5 km/h), but without the wind, it would decrease up to 73 and 61% over plains and hills, respectively. This study could be improved to serve as a decision support tool for the management of ecosystems North-eastern Guinea. Key words: Fire area, prediction modeling, simulator, ecosystem managers, Guinea.
Highlights
The study of bush fires is more and more concern in the world because of its many environmental and social consequences
One can note the consideration by FARSITE conditions of limitation of the propagation which are among others: the presence of water or fuels too wet to be burned
The Geographic Information System (GIS) softwares made it possible to organize this data before integrating it with FARSITE for simulation
Summary
The study of bush fires is more and more concern in the world because of its many environmental and social consequences. In Guinea, the sharp decline in forests due to anthropogenic pressure and climatic variability raises concerns in terms of understanding fires that threaten the environment.
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